Suchergebnisse

Evropski nacionalni muzeji, ustanovljeni po letu 1750, so imeli poleg kulturne tudi narodotvorno in celo državotvorno vlogo. Po ustanovitvi je opremljanje muzejev z zbirkami povsod postalo znak prestiža. Z zbirkami so jih opremili bolj, pa tudi manj premožni, ki so razumeli, da mora tak muzej v svojih zbirkah imeti najdragocenejše umetnine in artefakte. Vloga muzejev in njihovih zbirk ni bila samo v prikazovanju najboljšega s področja umetnosti, znanja in narave, ampak je bila tesno povezana z idejo naroda in narodovo zgodovino. Večina avstrijskih muzejev (z izjemo cesarskih zbirk) je bila ustanovljena kot regionalnih, vendar se v nekaterih ustanovitvenih aktih pojavlja tudi termin nacionalni oziroma narodni.
Tak primer je Deželni muzej za Kranjsko, sedanji Narodni muzej Slovenije, ki bo leta 2021 praznoval 200-letnico. To se kaže tudi v pismu Jožefa Kamila Schmidburga, guvernerja in predsednika deželnih stanov, v katerem navaja načrt zbiranja gradiva za muzej: »Naš domovinski muzej naj bi zajel prvenstveno vse s področja nacionalnega slovstva (National-Literatur) in narodne ustvarjalnosti (National-Produktion). Prav tako naj združi vse, kar je v domovini ustvarila narava ali človeška pridnost. Shrani naj vse spomine na usodo dežele in na zasluge njenih prebivalcev.« Zbiralna politika muzeja je takrat odražala status muzeja. Precej se je spremenila po razpadu Avstro-Ogrske, ko muzej ni bil več edini muzej na ozemlju sedanje Slovenije, še bolj pa v sodobnosti, ko so slovenski nacionalni muzeji izgubili narodotvorno in državotvorno vlogo.

Research into memory, which has been carried out in recent decades by researchers in the fields of social sciences and humanities, is also important in the field of museology.Museums collect objects that, at the time of transition, lose their original function they have in previous everyday life and acquire a new one. Objects are generators of memory, and memory works through objects. However, the stories of individual objects are necessarily less comprehensive than stories that are made up of broader semantic wholes. At some stage of the narrative a transition from the collection of individual memories or memories of individuals to a wider whole appears – a collective memory. It is not composed of a multitude of individual memories, but is processed and transformed into a whole that corresponds a particular community. Memory is connected with time, and individual memories are fixed at the points of collective time.Museums are creators of collective memory. Collective memory is connected with the concepts of historical memory, (cultural) heritage and witnessing. The collective memory generated by objects creates an identity. This can be created at every level, from personal to local, from regional to national. Structuring a particular past has an extremely important role in structuring identity. The concepts of memory, heritage, witnessing and history in the field of cultural heritage refer to national museums in the purest form. Each national museum is a guardian, researcher and promoter of a professionally and scientifically transformed collective memory, and thus a constitutive element of national consciousness.