Suchergebnisse

We assessed sex differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD) of temporal lobe white matter (TLWM(FA), TLWM(MD)), TLWM asymmetry, and the relationship between TLWM asymmetry and FA and MD of the corpus callosum (CC(FA), CC(MD)) using diffusion tensor tractography. We found sex differences in the M D of both inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF); however, it disappeared after statistical adjustments for intracranial volume and CC(MD) variability. FA of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF(FA)) and FA and MD of the ILF (ILF(FA), ILF(MD)) showed leftward asymmetry. In females, the asymmetry indices of SLF(FA) and the MD of the SLF were significantly correlated with CC(FA) and CC(MD), respectively, which may be related to sex differences in the hemispheric specialization for language. NeuroReport 21:73-77 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ; The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation National Research Laboratory program grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) supported this work (grant number R0A 2007-000-20068-0). ; Imfeld A, 2009, NEUROIMAGE, V46, P600, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.025 ; Brun CC, 2009, NEUROREPORT, V20, P930, DOI 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832c5e65 ; Leonard CM, 2008, CEREB CORTEX, V18, P2920, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhn052 ; Catani M, 2008, CORTEX, V44, P1105, DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.004 ; Bluhm RL, 2008, NEUROREPORT, V19, P887 ; Muetzel RL, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V39, P1918, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.018 ; Hsu JL, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V39, P566, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.017 ; Eluvathingal TJ, 2007, CEREB CORTEX, V17, P2760, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhm003 ; Rodrigo S, 2007, AM J NEURORADIOL, V28, P1526, DOI 10.3174/ajnr.AO584 ; Snook L, 2007, NEUROIMAGE, V34, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.021 ; Nucifora PGP, 2005, NEUROREPORT, V16, P791 ; Szeszko PR, 2003, NEUROREPORT, V14, P2469, DOI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000099475.09597.23 ; Laughlin SB, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1870 ; Smith SM, 2002, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V17, P143, DOI 10.1002/hbm.10062 ; Beaulieu C, 2002, NMR BIOMED, V15, P435, DOI 10.1002/nbm.782 ; Pujol J, 2002, NEUROIMAGE, V17, P670, DOI 10.1106/nimg.2002.1203 ; KIMURA D, 2000, SEX COGNITION ; Dorion AA, 2000, NEUROSCI RES, V36, P9 ; Gur RC, 1999, J NEUROSCI, V19, P4065 ; Mori S, 1999, ANN NEUROL, V45, P265 ; Jancke L, 1997, CEREB CORTEX, V7, P48 ; Pierpaoli C, 1996, RADIOLOGY, V201, P637 ; ZAIDEL E, 1995, BIOL RES, V28, P27 ; ABOITIZ F, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P1521 ; HYDE JS, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V104, P53 ; 5

Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine whether hippocampal volume or resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns are associated with subjective memory decline (SMD) in cognitively normal aged adults. Magnetic resonance imaging data from 53 participants (mean age: 71.9 years) of the Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center registry were used in this cross-sectional study. Separate analyses treating SMD as a binary and continuous variable were performed. Subfield volumes were generated using FreeSurfer v6.0, and rsFC strength between the head and body of the hippocampus and the rest of the brain was calculated. Decreased left whole hippocampal volume and weaker rsFC strength between the right body of the hippocampus and the default mode network (DMN) were found in SMD+. Cognitive Change Index score was not correlated with volumetric measures but was inversely correlated with rsFC strength between the right body of the hippocampus and 6 brain networks, including the DMN, task control, and attentional networks. These findings suggest that hippocampal rsFC patterns reflect the current state of SMD in cognitively normal adults and may reflect subtle memory changes that standard neuropsychological tests are unable to capture.

The Boston University-based Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) is a multidisciplinary initiative developed to provide detailed understanding of brain and immune alterations that underlie Gulf War illness (GWI), the persistent multisymptom disorder associated with military service in the 1990–1991 Gulf War. The core GWIC case-control clinical study conducted in-depth brain and immune evaluation of 269 Gulf War veterans (223 GWI cases, 46 controls) at three U.S. sites that included clinical assessments, brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, and analyses of a broad range of immune and immunogenetic parameters. GWI cases were similar to controls on most demographic, military, and deployment characteristics although on average were two years younger, with a higher proportion of enlisted personnel vs. officers. Results of physical evaluation and routine clinical lab tests were largely normal, with few differences between GWI cases and healthy controls. However, veterans with GWI scored significantly worse than controls on standardized assessments of general health, pain, fatigue, and sleep quality and had higher rates of diagnosed conditions that included hypertension, respiratory and sinus conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, and current or lifetime depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Among multiple deployment experiences/exposures reported by veterans, multivariable logistic regression identified just two significant GWI risk factors: extended use of skin pesticides in theater (adjusted OR = 3.25, p = 0.005) and experiencing mild traumatic brain injury during deployment (OR = 7.39, p = 0.009). Gulf War experiences associated with intense stress or trauma (e.g., participation in ground combat) were not associated with GWI. Data and samples from the GWIC project are now stored in a repository for use by GWI researchers. Future reports will present detailed findings on brain structure and function, immune function, and association of neuroimmune measures with characteristics of GWI and Gulf War ...