Suchergebnisse

The significant numbers of migrants from Kyrgyzstan in Moscow and the difficulties in adapting to the new conditions recorded by our research highlight the need to explore the adaptive capacity of young Kyrgyz. The lack of scientific knowledge about the potential adaptive capacities of different groups of young Kyrgyz hinders the creation of optimal conditions that would allow them to internalize norms, values, and rules of behavior, increases the potential for conflict in the Moscow community, makes the life of migrants less comfortable, and complicates integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The purpose of this study is to characterize the adaptive capacity of young people from Kyrgyzstan in Moscow that helps them fit into the social environment, allows them to overcome the discomfort caused by the contradictory social context and unfamiliar living conditions, and influences their success in the host community and their attitudes to integration. The analysis presented in this article rests on empirical data obtained from a structured interview with 823 migrants, citizens of Kyrgyzstan aged 17 to 30 years, conducted in 2020. The novelty of the study lies in a systemic examination and comprehensive assessment of the social adaptation capacity of this social community, because up to now publications on this topic have considered only some aspects of the phenomenon. In this article, "adaptive capacity" refers to the set of individual characteristics of migrants that ensures their inclusion into the host society, a change in previous norms and models of behavior, and the socialization of new behavior models emerging in the process of interaction between the individual and the new socio-cultural conditions of life and work as the synergistic effect of the relationship and interaction between the adaptive capacity of the individual and that of the environment. Its analysis is based on a description of expectations, perceptions, and social attitudes; the level of empathy, openness and complementarity with regard to the host community; and the degree of tolerance for people of other nationalities and identities. The article shows how migrants evaluate the adaptive capacity of the environment as resulting from coordinated, concerted, and friendly action by all stakeholders: government, employers, and local population. It also analyzes the associations that arise in connection with Russia. The study reveals the impact of migrants' adaptive capacity on their attitudes to integration processes in the EAEU. It was shown that notions about the nature of the interaction between Muscovites and migrants that is necessary to harmonize the individual and the environment (assimilation, bicultural adaptation or separation) determine the depth and direction of the activities of young migrants and their assessments of concrete social reality, while their strategic preferences with regard to the cultural norms and values of other peoples determine the adaptation attitudes and strategies that largely characterize their adaptive capacity. These strategies are as follows: marginalization of young Kyrgyz in the Moscow community, complementarity, and internalization of dominant norms. The research conducted suggests the need for measures to improve interaction between migrants and the host society and provides grounds for the Eurasian Economic Commission and social institutions in Russia and Kyrgyzstan to develop measures designed to create conditions for adaptation, as well as to determine the appropriate instruments and mechanisms for this purpose. This research paves the way for developing a theory of social adaptation of migrants, for empirical research into migration processes in the post-Soviet space, and for a better understanding of the specific features of social adaptation of young people from Kyrgyzstan.

The scientific article comprehensively investigates the phenomenon of the diaspora from the standpoint of ethnic characteristics and concretization of the semantic boundaries of the term under study. The categorical and conceptual apparatus is analyzed from the angle of transboundary and transcultural meanings of the activities of the diasporas themselves, the national identity of their members, as well as the political and socio-economic implementation of joint activities. The author points to a rather arbitrary reference to the term "diaspora" in modern literature in the context of its role in various processes and phenomena, which only emphasizes the phenomenality of the problems raised, when researchers or entire scientific schools "put" their special meaning into the concept of "diaspora", trying to emphasize attention to the more significant from the author's point of view of one or another essential characteristic of the term.
The socio-economic potential, modern attitudes and practices in the life of diasporas are analyzed. The reasons are formulated why diasporas as subjects of economic processes can play a disproportionately large role in the economy relative to their size. The characteristics of the factors influencing the socio-economic potential of the diasporas are given. It is emphasized that the growth of the absolute and relative share of diasporas leads, respectively, to an increase in their absolute and relative contribution to the economy.
The tendency is pointed out in which the economic potential of the diaspora can become commensurate with or even exceed the economic potential of states and ethnic groups in the main territory, as well as states and ethnic groups that form the socio-cultural environment of the region. In this connection, it is concluded that the diaspora is becoming one of the most important subjects of the socio-economic processes of our time, the role and importance of which cannot be overestimated.

Based on the results of a sociological study, the article attempts a narrative explication of the attitudes of young people in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, and Russia toward their shared memorial heritage in the context of the permanent reinterpretation of the Soviet past in the former Soviet republics which appears important in the context of the ongoing search for new forms of economic and political integration in the Eurasian space. The study allows providing a characteristic of the place of the Soviet memorial heritage, especially that dedicated to the participation of the USSR in World War II, in the social memory of young people as a unifying factor of millennial and post-millennial generations of the former Soviet republics – participants in Eurasian integration which can contribute to the successful implementation of integration projects in the post-Soviet space. The post-memory generation is generally in favor of preserving the Soviet toponymic names of city streets and squares but young people in countries with a greater degree of linguistic and ethnocultural differences support renaming practices more often. At the same time, the authors note the ambivalence of young people's attitudes towards the future of memorialization policies in their countries which preserves the possibility of potential revision and reconsideration of the Soviet past in the future.

The phenomenon of contemporary migration is seen as a socio-economic and political phenomenon, with multinational and global in nature, contributing to the process of international division of labour complex structural changes and global transformation. Risks of migration processes in the framework of the Eurasian economic Union (EEU) are studied from the point of view of three of the participants: migrants, countries of disposal and countries of arrival. Exploring the process of a single labour market in the conditions of the Eurasian space within the EEU guaranteed by the EEU Treaty and representing the form and manner of integration of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia. The question is raised about adequate migration policy, is necessary not only to minimize due to migration risks, but also to use the positive potential of migration for development of the Russian state. Analyzed the risk factors associated with the movement of the labour market. The question about the necessity of in-depth scientific analysis of the socio-cultural risks the formation of a single market labor EAEC, the development of rapid and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize internal and external threats. It is proposed to consider a single labour market as one of the main sources of innovation development and competitive advantages of the EEU, the expansion of ethnic and cultural diversity of the countries-participants of the EEU DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p451