Suchergebnisse

Nathan G. King writes from Albany, New York, to Alden Partridge in Norwich, Vermont, regarding a book he loaned to a former student of Partridge's, William A. Root. ; Transcription by Joel Kindrick. Transcriptions may be subject to error.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction to Holism -- Abstract -- Defining Holistic Child Health -- Holism and Health: A Historical Overview -- Holism in the 20th Century -- Holism and Reductionism: Complementary Approaches to Health -- Contemporary Applications of the Theory of Holism to Health -- Health Education -- Health Promotion -- Health Policy -- Health Research -- Drawing Boundaries Around Holism -- Two Challenges Surrounding Research Related to Holistic Child Health -- Our Hopes for This Small Book -- References -- 2 Child Perceptions of Health -- Abstract -- Child Perceptions of Health: A Qualitative Study -- Definitions of Health -- Modelling Health Step 1: "What Does Health Look like in a Whole Person?" -- Modelling Health Step 2: Organizing the Aspects of Health into Categories -- Modelling Health Step 3: Organizing the Categories into the Health of a Whole Person -- Health Is Different for Everyone? -- Using Metaphors as a Framework for Talking About Health -- Health Is a Cake -- Health Is a House -- Health Is a Maze -- Health Is a Web -- Summary Insights About Metaphors -- Bridging Back to Holism -- References -- 3 Metaphors and Child Health -- Abstract -- Using Children's Drawing of Metaphors to Explore Holistic Health: A Qualitative Study -- Brief Methods -- Introducing Metaphors -- Drawing Health Step 1: Draw Your Health -- Drawing Health Step 2: Adding the Research Base -- Application of Research to Individual Metaphors of Health -- Reflection on the Introduction of This Research Base -- Drawing Health Step 3: Holistic Conceptions of Health -- Holistic Health: Towards an Ecological Model -- A Strength and a Caution -- References -- 4 Testing the Theory of Holism in Child Health Settings Using Quantitative Approaches -- Abstract -- Our Quantitative Research Opportunity

OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences and mental health of university students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study consisting of an electronic survey about students' experiences and concerns during the pandemic and the associated impact. In addition to the quantitative analysis, free-text responses were extracted and analysed using a framework technique. SETTING: Queen's University in Canada and the University of Oxford in the UK. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate students at Queen's University and first-year undergraduate students at the University of Oxford were invited to complete the COVID-19 supplement survey. This study included data from 3013 Queen's students as the primary focus and 339 Oxford students as a secondary comparison. RESULTS: Females at Queen's reported greater adherence to government recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (91.3% vs 86.7%, χ(2) p<0.01) and were more likely to self-isolate (63.9% vs 57.0%, χ(2) p<0.01) than males. A similar trend was seen among Oxford students. Students' concerns were wide ranging including those related to their learning experience, finances and future academic and career prospects. 78.9% of Queen's students and 50.4% of first-year Oxford students reported worries about the long-term impact on their academic and job prospects. A sizeable proportion of students also reported that the pandemic negatively impacted their plans to continue at university (29.4% of Queen's, 14.2% of Oxford) and disrupted activities important to their mental well-being. Key themes identified in the qualitative component included the negative impacts of social isolation, challenging academic changes and disruption to support services and means of coping. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, findings underscore the importance of addressing areas of student concern and the aspects of student life negatively impacted by the pandemic in order to maintain student well-being and support a successful university experience.

Purpose: Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying. Methods: We used data on young people aged 11-15 years (weighted n = 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017-2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n = 166,647 from 42 countries). Results: Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42-1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26-1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74-1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cyber-victimization in 19%-45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%-86% of countries. Conclusions: Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. ; Funding Agencies|Public Health Agency of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP341188]; Ministry of Health, Office of the Director, Israel; Ministry of Health, Wellbeing, and Sports, the NetherlandsNetherlands Government; Warsaw University, Poland; Italian Ministry of Health/Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlMinistry of Health, Italy; Department of Health, Ireland; Public Health Agency of Sweden; Institute of Mother and Child