(A) study on the patent policy of biotechnological inventions with therapeutic activity in U.S. and policy suggestion for South Korea ; 移섎즺紐⑹쟻 �깮紐낃났�븰諛쒕챸�쓽 誘멸뎅 �듅�뿀�젙梨낆뿉 愿��븳 怨좎같怨� �슦由щ굹�씪 �듅�뿀�젙梨낆뿉 ���븳 �젣�뼵
�쓽猷뚮쾿�쑄由ы븰�삊�룞怨쇱젙 ; 誘멸뎅�젙遺��뒗 媛뺣젰�븳 �듅�뿀蹂댄샇�젙梨낆쓣 �넻�빐 �쓽猷뚯궛�뾽 諛� �깮紐낃났�븰�궛�뾽�쓣 諛쒖쟾�떆耳쒖솕�쑝硫�, �씠�뿉 �뵲�씪 湲곗〈 �쓽猷� 諛� �젣�빟�궛�뾽�쓽 媛뺢뎅�씤 �쑀�읇援�媛��뱾�씠 嫄댁옱�븿�뿉�룄 遺덇뎄�븯怨� �빐�떦 �궛�뾽�쓽 �쟾�꽭怨� 留ㅼ텧 80%瑜� �젏�쑀�븯怨� �엳�떎. �슦由щ굹�씪�쓽 寃쎌슦 �쁽�옱 �궛�뾽�쓽 �겕湲곕뒗 �옉�쑝�굹, 援��궡 �궗�슜蹂대떎�뒗 �빐�쇅�떆�옣�쓣 �긽��濡� �븯�뒗 �닔異쒖쑉�씠 �넂怨� 援�媛�寃쎌웳�젰�쓣 媛뽰텛�뼱 媛먯뿉 �뵲�씪 媛뺣젰�븳 �듅�뿀蹂댄샇濡� �씠瑜� 蹂댄샇�븿�씠 以묒슂�븯�떎 �뿬寃⑥쭊�떎. 蹂� �뿰援щ뒗 誘멸뎅�쓽 �쓽猷뚮갑踰뺥듅�뿀 �벑�쓣 �룷�븿�븯�뒗 媛뺣젰�븳 �듅�뿀蹂댄샇�젙梨낆쓣 議곕챸�븯怨� 援��궡 �궛�뾽諛쒖쟾�쓣 珥됱쭊�븯硫� �룞�떆�뿉 �빐�떦湲곗닠�쓽 �븞�쟾�꽦怨� 怨듦났�쓽 吏덉꽌瑜� �뼱吏��읇寃� �븯�뒗 湲곗닠�쓽 鍮꾩튂猷뚮ぉ�쟻 �궗�슜 �벑�뿉 ���븯�뿬 怨좎같�븳 諛�, 異뷀썑 �슦由щ굹�씪 �듅�뿀�젙梨낆뿉 愿��븯�뿬 �젣�뼵�븯怨좎옄 �븯���떎. 蹂� �뿰援щ뒗 �옄�뿰沅� �씠濡좉낵 寃곌낵二쇱쓽�뿉 ���빐 �끉�쓽�븿�쑝濡쒖뜥 �옱�궛沅뚯쓽 泥좏븰�쟻 洹쇨굅瑜� �젣�떆�븯怨� �떎�슜二쇱쓽�쟻 愿��젏�쑝濡� 異뷀썑 �끉�쓽瑜� �쟾媛쒗븯���떎. �뮘�씠�뼱 �삤�뒛�궇 �깮紐낃났�븰 諛� �쓽�븰�쓽 吏꾨낫�뿉 ���븯�뿬 �꽕紐낇븯怨� �떎吏덉쟻�씤 �쓽猷뚰쁽�옣�뿉�꽌 �뼸寃� �맆 �씠�씡怨� �옞�옱�쟻 �빐�븙�뿉 ���븯�뿬 �끉�쓽�븯���떎. �삉�븳 誘멸뎅 �궡 Diamond v. Chakrabarty (1980) �뙋寃� �씠�썑 �깮泥댁쑀�옒臾� 諛� �깮紐낆껜�뿉 ���븳 �듅�뿀�꽦�쓽 洹쇨굅瑜� �뿰援ы븯怨�, 愿��젴 諛쒕챸�뱾�씠 �듅�뿀 遺꾨쪟 �닔以��뿉�꽌 湲곗〈 �솕�븰 諛� �젣�빟�듅�뿀�� �떎瑜닿쾶 痍④툒�릺�뒗吏� �뿬遺�瑜� 議곗궗�븯���쑝�굹 �겙 李⑥씠媛� �뾾�쓬�쓣 諛쒓껄�븯���떎. �깮紐낃났�븰諛쒕챸�쓽 移섎즺紐⑹쟻 �궗�슜�쓣 �쀬쓽猷뚰뻾�쐞�섎줈 �엯利앺븯怨� �빐�떦 �솢�룞�씠 �쓽�븰諛⑸쾿�듅�뿀 踰붿쐞�뿉 �냽�븯�뒗吏� �뿬遺�瑜� �솗�씤�븯���쑝�굹, �쁽�뻾踰뺤쑝濡쒕뒗 �빐�떦 諛쒕챸�쓣 �쓽猷뚰뻾�쐞�쓽 踰붿쐞�뿉�꽌 �젣�쇅�븯怨� �엳�떎. 洹몃윭�굹 遺꾨챸�븳 寃껋� �빐�떦 諛쒕챸�� �쓽猷뚰뻾�쐞�� �쓽�빟�뭹 紐⑤몢�쓽 �듅�꽦�쓣 媛�吏�怨� �엳�쑝硫�, �떎留� �븞�쟾 諛� 愿�由� �젅李⑤�� �슜�씠�븯寃� �븯湲� �쐞�빐 援�媛� 洹쒖젙�뿉 �뵲�씪 �쓽�빟�뭹�쑝濡� 痍④툒�릺怨� �엳�뒗 �떎�젙�쓣 吏��쟻�븯���떎. �삉�븳 蹂몃옒 移섎즺紐⑹쟻�쑝濡� 媛쒕컻�릺�뿀�쑝�굹 鍮꾩튂猷뚮ぉ�쟻�쑝濡� �궗�슜�릺�뒗 �깮紐낃났�븰諛쒕챸�쓣 �몮�윭�떬 �룄�뜒�쟻 臾몄젣瑜� 議곕챸�븯怨� �궗�쉶�쟻 洹쒕쾾�뿉 �쐞諛곕릺�뒗 湲곗닠�쓽 寃쎌슦 �쑀�씡�쟻 �쑀�슜�꽦�뿉 諛섑븯�뿬 �듅�뿀瑜� 遺��뿬�븯吏� �븡�븘�빞 �븳�떎怨� 二쇱옣�븯���떎. �듅�뿀�젙梨낆쓽 �젅踰꾨줈�꽌 �깉濡쒖슫 �꽭 媛�吏� �젙梨낆닔�떒�쓣 �떎�쓬怨� 媛숈씠 �젣�븞�븯���떎: 1) �쓽猷뚮갑踰뺣컻紐낆쓽 踰붿쐞瑜� �닔�젙�븯怨� �쓽猷뚯씤�쓽 �듅�뿀移⑦빐硫댁콉洹쒖젙�쓽 踰붿쐞瑜� �솗���븳�떎; 2) �씤泥� �궡 �깮紐낃났�븰諛쒕챸�쓽 鍮꾩튂猷뚯쟻 紐⑹쟻 �궗�슜�쓽 寃쎌슦 �쑀�씡�쟻 �쑀�슜�꽦 �씠濡좎쓣 �쟻�슜�븯�뿬 �빐�떦 諛쒕챸�쓽 �듅�뿀瑜� 洹쒖젣�븷 �닔 �엳�떎; 3) �씪諛섏쟻 �쑀�슜�꽦�쓣 媛뺣젰�븳 踰뺤쟻 �썝移숈쑝濡� �쟻�슜�븯�뿬 湲곗닠�쓽 �븞�쟾�꽦怨� �빐�븙�쓣 �뵾�븷 �닔 �엳�떎. �뜑 �굹�븘媛� 蹂� �뿰援щ뒗 �븳援��젙遺��뿉 湲곗〈蹂대떎 蹂대떎 媛뺣젰�븳 �듅�뿀蹂댄샇瑜� �젣�븞�븯硫�, �쓽猷뚮컻紐낅갑踰뺤쓽 �듅�뿀蹂댄샇�� 誘멸뎅怨� �떎瑜닿쾶 �쓽猷뚰뻾�쐞�쓽 踰붿쐞 �솗��瑜� �넻�빐 �듅�뿀移⑦빐硫댁콉議고빆�쓣 蹂대떎 �쁽�떎�쟻�쑝濡� �쟻�슜�븯�뿬 湲곗〈 �쓽猷뚯씤�뱾�쓽 沅뚮━瑜� 蹂댁옣�븯�뒗 �닔�떒�쓣 �끉�쓽�븯���떎. �삉�븳 �씠瑜� �넻�빐 �빞湲곕맆 �닔 �엳�뒗 �떎�뼇�븳 蹂��솕�� 誘몃옒 �궛�뾽�쓽 �뙣�윭�떎�엫�쓣 �끉�쓽�븯怨좎옄 �븳 諛�, �떆�옣 寃쎌웳�젰, 諛쒕챸�쓽 �씤泥� �궡 鍮꾩튂猷뚮ぉ�쟻 �궗�슜 臾몄젣, �븞�쟾 臾몄젣, �쓽猷뚮퉬�슜 諛� �뼢�썑 �쓽猷뚰뙣�윭�떎�엫�쓽 怨쇱젣 �벑�쓣 �끉�쓽�븯���떎. The U.S. government adopted a strong patent protection policy to advance medical and biotechnology industry, and the industry nowadays accounts for more than 80% of the world total revenue. While in South Korea, the industry size is relatively small, but continuously increasing with a high proportion of exportation, and has a high capacity to increase the national competitiveness. In this context, the study revisits the strong patent policy of the U.S., which also include medical procedure patent, to devise a policy suggestion for South Korea that would encourage scientific innovation while impeding the use of biotechnological invention with non-therapeutic activity that might be against social norms. The study first examines the philosophical ground of property rights by discussing the natural rights theories and consequentialism, and approaches the future argument in utilitarian perspective. In follow, it provides a glance at the advancement of biotechnology and medicine in the current stance, and demonstrates the potential benefits and harms of biotechnological inventions in medical practice. It also revisits the strong patent policy of the U.S. government, how it warrants the market exclusive rights of biotechnology patent, by studying legal basis of patentability of biological materials and living organisms after the landmark case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty (1980), and also examines whether these inventions are treated differently from other classical chemical patents in comparison at the patent classification level, yet finds no differences. Furthermore, it verifies the therapeutic use of biotechnological inventions as �뾪edical activity�� and whether it could be under the scope of medical procedure patent. It observes these inventions have both characteristics of medical procedures and products, yet mostly treated as medical products under the current regulations of may countries to facilitate the safety control. Also, it revisits moral concerns surrounding the non-therapeutic use of biotechnological inventions on a human body, and determines the inventions that would be contrary to social norms and not to be promoted for instance. Policy levers in patent law are further examined and proposes the following potential policy levers: 1) revised scope of medical procedure patent and the infringement liability exemption rule; 2) enforcing beneficial utility to avoid non-therapeutic use of biotechnological inventions; and 3) enforcing general utility as a strong legal principle to ensure safety and maximise avoidance of the risks of harms. The study suggests for the Korean government to warrant patent protection for a medical procedure with the extended scope of �뾪edical activity�� along with the adoption of the patent infringement liability exemption for health practitioner. It further demonstrates the potential impacts of the policy change, with the consideration of market competitiveness, non-therapeutic use of the invention on a human body, safety concern, costs of healthcare, and as well as future challenges. ; open ; 諛뺤궗