Suchergebnisse

This study views architecture and cities as part of larger urban process that cannot be detached from the larger socio-cultural milieu, and this understanding begs us to delve with broader historical knowledge and deeper geographical understanding. Against conventional framework that espouses abstract economic mapping and hierarchical global city listings to address the locality, stories of Gangnam, a new city south of the Han River in Seoul, will represent emblematic unfolding of urban modernity in South Korea since early 1960s. The city is a showcase where, in Lefebvre's expression, "the industrial" and "the urban" did not proceed in a sequential order of historical development, but progressed simultaneously and complimented one another under the austere form of national ideology. Here the city illustrates more than its macro-economic spatial narration, and represents the distinctive sociocultural and political conditions of its formation. Today, epitomizing upper- middle class lifestyle, Gangnam became a synonym for the new urban order where the new exchange value of space was expressed in the soaring price of once government-sponsored mass housings. Representing gradually territorializing urban consciousness, the culture and the symbolism of the new city strongly supported the consolidation of the fledgling middle class identity. Deeply immersed in both militarist and capitalist urban ideology, the city's emerging middle class embraced the segregated spatiality engendered by the Han River and projected its newly gained social status and citizenship on the identity of a particular urban space, Gangnam. Beyond dominant framing of a city in economic structuralism, what is emphasized here is the construction of place through finding confluence of variant conditions in particular time and space. From the urbanization story of Gangnam, reflected were the complex thread of social and political influences that realized the culture of capitalist spatiality, where the illegitimate turned into the legitimate, the irrational to rational, and the abnormal to normal.

Civil service reform has been carried out to achieve ideological, political, and technical changes in various countries. Most research about civil service reform has attempted to find factors that influence the extent and intensity of reform elements such as at-will employment, pay for performance, and broadbanding. No prior study has systematically examined factors that affect human resource professionals` perceptions of the effectiveness of civil service reforms. This study focused on that issue, using 2010 Civil Service Reform Assessment survey data from six U.S. state governments to examine the relationships between factors associated with human resources professionals` managerial competencies and demographic characteristics and their perceptions of the effectiveness of civil service reforms with regard to both goal achievement and process. Among its findings was that human resources professionals` competency in consultation on civil service reform with officials in other states was likely to be positively associated with their perceptions of the effectiveness of civil service reforms.

Using data from 1,220 public and nonprofit sector managers in Georgia and Illinois, this research assesses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as predictors of job satisfaction in association with mentoring. Using analyses of ordinary least squares regression and structural equation modeling, statistically significant and positive relationships were found between intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. The impact of extrinsic motivation on job satisfaction was found to vary. Job satisfaction was significantly and positively related to organizational trust but negatively related to economic benefit and risk-averse organizational values and goals. Furthermore, mentoring showed a mediating effect on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. These findings suggest that mentoring in the public sector not only helps organizational members to develop their careers and to build better relationships with colleagues but also results in an increased relationship between job motivation and job satisfaction.

This paper reviews the historical and institutional backgrounds of public- and private-sector unions, internal and external trends involving public-sector unions, union representation in the public sector, union affiliation with citizens, and the relationship between privatization and public unions. Using these characteristics to reflect on the fundamental rationale of public-sector unions as the negotiators for public employees and as the promoters of political affiliation with citizens, the nature of the labor-management relationship emerges as a key factor in determining the effectiveness of unions in these roles.

This article identifies the causal mechanisms for the 1997 economic crisis in South Korea. Focusing on constitutional design and electoral cycle, the analysis specifies institutional incentive structures that induced contradictory political behavior by the president and legislators. The economic crisis is thus explained by political dynamics.

Die B2C-Vertraege ueber die Erbringung einer Dienstleistung im Internet werden immer haeufiger auf einfache Art geschlossen. Nach dem Vertragsabschluss stellt sich aber oft heraus, dass der Abschluss des Dienstleistungsvertrages fehlerhaft war oder dass die erbrachte Dienstleistung im Uebrigen nicht den Wuenschen des Kunden entspricht. Hierbei koennen sich aufgrund des Ausschlusses der Rueckgewaehr nach der Natur der Dienstleistung aus zivilrechtlicher Sicht unterschiedliche Fragen ergeben. Kann der Kunde den elektronischen Dienstleistungsvertrag rueckgaengig machen oder wird das Ruecktritts-