Suchergebnisse

The author analyzes the pragmatic properties of protest discourse, taking into account poster slogans used during mass anti-government protests in Belarus in 2020. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of discourse, based on four categories: intention, representation, performance and context. The author distinguishes among three types of contexts: cognitive, social and event-related (functional). In accordance with the global function of the protest discourse, three types of constitutive language activities are distinguished: modal-evaluative, modal-disapproving and speech acts of ultimatum. The author analyzes these types of speech acts in detail and provides numerous linguistic examples.

The subject of the article is the application of the case study method to the description of lexical semantics, in particular, to the analysis of a dictionary entry. The author considers the Russian noun SVIST 'whistle' as an object, namely, its description in the "Dictionary of the Russian language" (1984). Semantic analysis shows that the description of the word polysemy in the dictionary does not correspond to the nature of the semantic representations that are assigned to this lexeme. The author offers his own version of the semantic description of this noun, in particular, using the category of image-schematic structure. Special attention is devoted to the problem of the dictionary presentation of syntactic representations, i.e. combinatory of the word.

The author considers the problem of conjunctive use of disjunctive conjunctions in the perspective of functional grammar. In the first part of the article, the author verifies the logical approach to conjunctions, especially disjunctive conjunctions. The linguistic meaning of a conjunction is defined as information on the credibility or applicability of a (semantically) compound sentence under condition [10, 01], which means an alternative participation of referents in the described situation. In the following chapters, the author analyzes several language facts, namely sentences that contain a disjunctive relationship and which nevertheless express the general meaning of conjunction. The author explains these phenomena by the fact that in such sentences there are the types of configurations of conjunction with the exponents of other semantic categories: quantification and modality.

The author considers the problem of creating images, namely its psychological and ontological aspects. Based on the assumption that mental representation is not a mimetic reproduction of objective reality, but a reference to mutually imputed collective knowledge, the author discusses various factors of this situation. The concept proposed by the author is based on presumption that the measure of the compatibility of the image and its designate is the content dispersion occurring in society, i.e. the number of different points of view. In the constructivist model, imaging is based on communication as a modus of the social system, in this case there is a diversification of viewpoints, and the compatibility of the image with its designate is close to 0.

The author considers the problem of linguistic terminology in the context of changes which took place in linguistics of the late XXth century and the beginning of the XXIth century under the influence of postmodern culture. The changes in linguistics depend primarily on such characteristics of postmodernism as irrationalism (anti-scientism), pragmacentrism (sociocentrism) and simulacrism. The author shows how linguistic terminology changes in the new cultural conditions and distinguishes between four phenomena: ambisemy, transfusion, complication and approximation. Taking a critical (normative) methodological position on the latest processes in the filed of terminology, the author considers some criteria for evaluating innovations.

The author reviews contemporary cultural linguistics (as one of the fields of anthropological linguistics) in two Slavic countries: Poland and Russia. The first part of the article discusses the general theoretical foundations of cultural linguistics, as well as the circumstances in which it was established in Poland and Russia (USSR). In the second part, the author discusses the distinguishing features of both linguistic traditions. So he writes that in Russia, researchers are more interested in linguoculturology, in particular in the description of concepts and the so-called konceptosphere. In Poland there is a stronger tradition of researching folk culture, folk psychology and folk language, for this reason the methodology of Polish research is based to a greater extent on empirical procedures, such as field research and surveys.

The subject of this article is the syntactic representation of propositional arguments in the sentences with Russian emotional verbs. The opposition of sentential and nominal actants is treated as a gradual one, i.e. represented by a set of syntactic realization forms of propositional arguments: clausal and non-clausal, finite and non-finite, lexical (material) and zero/empty (non-material). All these forms constitute a valence class of a lexical unit. A quantitative analysis of syntactic representations of Russian emotive verbs has shown that the valent characteristics of verbs and the separate subclasses vary in a large range. The most typical forms of filling the position of propositional argument in the class verba sentiendi are predicate and propositional names, and the least typical are clausal actants with the core component in the form of an adjective and infinitive.

The subject of this article is fascination as a type of communicative influence on the addressees, the purpose of which is to attract or retain the attention to the message and/or its source. In public communication, fascination serves to activate the processing of semantic information, to create a positive image of the source of information and its preferences in the face of increasing market competition, the prolongation of communicative contact as an opportunity to distribute the advertising copies. Fascination is one of the definite characteristics of modern media culture. Fascination as a stylistic phenomenon is based on different means, which fall into four categories: the language code, the cognitive system (mental thesaurus, worldview), the system of social relations, and the physical environment. Semantic information is subordinated on the Internet to the principle of attractiveness. This concerns such its characteristics of it as the preference for events in the sphere of politics, occasionality, sensationalism, dangerous trains, intracultural attitude.

The author considers value and evaluation in the perspective of intercultural and anthropological linguistics. The value is treated as an element of axiological modality, which is specific in every language community. This particularly applies to the subjectively valued national groups and the stereotypes based on the values. Corpus analysis deals with exposing the values attributed to Poles by the Russians and, conversely, attributed to the Russians by the Poles. The author has taken into account a set of the facets (cognitive domains), such as politics, society, economy and commerce, language, art and other. The results of the expedition have been worked out in the quantitative and qualitative way.

The author presents the results of the analysis of Bulgarian, Polish and Russiansentences based on mental and emotive verbs. These sentences are described in termsof propositional-semantic structures implemented in grammatical forms. The main focus is onthe types of profiling in the mind of mental reflection and emotional experience as the areasof reference for the verbal sentences. The author analyzes two classes of verbs in terms of thefunctionality of the various types of propositions, and takes into account the specificities of eachof the studied Slavic languages.

The article deals with the examples of communicative manipulation in the news services of the Russian Internet by means of fragmentation of the journalistic text. News presentation has a multi-stage, modular nature, and the individual modules (a kind of genre clones) differ in their content: the most generalized, axiologically and pragmatically labeled at the level of header, lid and announcement, more concrete filled with factual information at the level of the summary and the full text. Text fragmentation implements several functions: 1) perceptual and mnemonic; 2) prolongation of the communicative contact; 3) locating (opening space for accompanying, usually commerce information); 4) ideological programming/design.

Although demonstrative adjectives fall within the adjectival paradigm and, within the framework of this paradigm, implement most grammatical oppositions, in terms of linearization they differ significantly from qualitative and relative adjectives: the postposition of the demonstrative modifier has a completely different character than in the case of adjectives. The authors intend to achieve several goals. The first goal is to compare nominative constructions with the pronominal (demonstrative) modifier in Slavic languages belonging to different groups, i.e. Polish and Ukrainian. The second objective is to examine the factors determining the post-positional use of demonstrative attributes, both direct evident (functionally marked) and statistical. In this respect, the authors mention the following factors: 1) the linear position of the nominal group in relation to the predicate; 2) the position of the nominal group in the communicative (thematic-rhematic) structure; 3) the stress structure of the utterance; 4) case of the noun; 5) degree of development of the nominal group; 6) the status of the noun as a primary or derived (from an adjective) name. The empirical material of the study was collected on the basis of language corpora and source texts of various styles.

The article, as reflected in the title, is an attempt to name the main similarities and differences between the theoretical ideas and the results of empirical research of the two most influential theoretical schools of semantics, i.e. the Moscow Semantic School (MSS) and the Polish School of Semantic Syntax (PSSS). The aim of the comparison is to make it clear that, in spite of a common epistemological ground, which lies in functionalism and an integrated approach to semantics and syntax, MSS and PSSS prioritize the problem of a complex description of the semantics of lexical units in a different way. MSS puts stress on the troubled relationship between semantics and lexicography, focusing on the lexicographical application of semantic analysis, while PSSS examines the sentence-forming formalization of the propositional structure within the scope of the explication of its components. The final conclusion is that, although it would be naive to assume that MSS and PSSS can work hand in hand, it would be reasonable to expect that they can learn from mutual experiences and inspire each other to improve the explanatory adequacy of research results, contributing to the theory of lexical semantics.

The subject of the article is the use of language and linguistic aspects of social behavior within the protest discourses that took place after the results of the presidential elections in Belarus were falsified in August 2020. The author considers the concept of protest discourse, referring to scientific literature and comparing its interpretation by various researchers. The analysis of around 500 posters, chosen from the corpus of a first month of Belarusian numerous and various protesting activities, is focused on both rhetoric and language means of protesting communicative actions, namely on lexical nomination and code switching, wordplay and structural modifications, neologisms, paronomasia, irony, graphic operations and others, which, in the format of peaceful demonstrations (on behand of the demonstrators) actualizes the features of carnivalization and the acratic type of discourse.