Suchergebnisse

SummaryThis study examines the link between poverty and migration into and out of camps, using 1999 household survey data on the refugee camp populations in Jordan and a binomial logistic regression. The findings show a clear clustering of poverty in the camps, where about one‐third of households are poor. Results from several nested regression models show that in‐migration is not the cause of persistent poverty in the camps. On the other hand, human capital variables, especially education, economic activity, and "social inheritance", as well as demographic factors such as household headship and dependency rate have significant effects on poverty incidence. Some theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Résumé Cet article présente un tableau en grande partie descriptif de la fécondité des populations palestiniennes résidant dans quatre zones : la Cisjordanie, la bande de Gaza, la Jordanie et le Liban. L'évolution et les différences de la fécondité et du recours à la contraception ont pu être analysées grâce à des données de qualité issues d'enquêtes à l'échelle des ménages. Les questions relatives à la reproduction chez les réfugiés palestiniens sont une préoccupation politique majeure car l'avenir démographique des Palestiniens est en grande partie déterminé par leur fécondité. Les résultats montrent que le statut de réfugié ne peut plus être considéré comme une caractéristique fondamentale discriminante de la fécondité palestinienne. D'un côté, les variations des indicateurs de fécondité sont beaucoup plus importantes d'une zone à l'autre que celles entre les réfugiées et les non-réfugiées à l'intérieur des différentes zones. De l'autre, les populations réfugiées se sont différenciées avec le temps, celles qui vivent hors des camps ayant des comportements de fécondité différents de celles qui résident dans les camps. De ce fait, la distinction entre les réfugiés selon qu'ils vivent ou non dans les camps reste partout pertinente, indépendamment du statut légal ou présumé qu'ont les réfugiés dans les différentes zones.

SummarySecondary analysis of the trends and correlates of consanguinity in the Palestinian Territories was conducted using data from two separate surveys in 1995 and 2004. The analysis was conducted on ever-married women aged 15–54 who were asked about their relation to their husband in both surveys. A total of 16,197 women in 1995 and 4971 women in 2004 were successfully interviewed. Consanguinity was found to be widely practised in the Palestinian Territories with rates of total consanguinity reaching 45% of all marriages in 2004. Analysis was conducted with the data from the two surveys combined and this indicated that consanguinity was significantly decreasing with time after controlling for other variables. Age of the women, their age at marriage, region and locality type they lived in and their standard of living were all found to be significant predictors of consanguinity. The education level of the women was not found to be significant. After controlling for the survey year, women's labour force status was also found to be a non-significant predictor of consanguinity. Although consanguinity was found to be significantly decreasing slowly with time after controlling for other variables, the future trends of consanguinity are not known due to the unstable political situation in the territories, which could have a direct effect on marriage patterns.

Abstract We analyze the relationship between legitimation, resource mobilization, and political opportunity and the founding rate of national environmental organizations between 1895 and 1994. We address recent criticisms that organizational ecologists' reliance on the density dependence model—which treats legitimation as an unmeasured intervening variable—has failed to capture the active sociopolitical character of this process. We advocate a more historical approach to legitimation which relies on print media to construct direct measures of legitimation. Specifically, we use the yearly count of environmental books published as a measure of the legitimacy of environmentalism in the U.S. This count remains statistically significant and positively related to foundings even when other variables are added to the model. A negative second‐order effect of total books suggests that the recent proliferation of state and local environmental organizations is beginning to depress the founding rate of national organizations. Variations in resource mobilization and political opportunity also have affected foundings, though variables measuring the latter were not significant in the full model.