Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Deciphering the Nexus Between Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis: A Compendious Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility -- 1.3 Biochemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- 1.4 Influence of ROS on Spermatogenesis -- 1.4.1 Lipid Peroxidation -- 1.4.1.1 Lipid Peroxidation -- 1.4.1.2 Strategies for Prevention of Lipid Peroxidation -- 1.4.2 Sperm DNA Fragmentation -- 1.4.2.1 Prevention of Sperm DNA Fragmentation -- 1.4.3 Effect on Sperm Motility -- 1.4.4 Apoptosis -- 1.4.5 Capacitation and Hyperactivation -- 1.5 Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Case Study -- 1.6 Abnormalities That Arise Due to Idiopathic Male Infertility -- 1.7 Peculiarities Among Global Populations -- 1.8 Diagnosis and Treatment -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2: The Role of Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility -- 2.1 Introduction to Male Infertility -- 2.2 Environmental Risk Factors and Male Infertility -- 2.3 Pesticides Exposure and Risk of Male Infertility -- 2.3.1 Organophosphate Pesticides (OPs) -- 2.3.2 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) -- 2.3.3 Bisphenol A (BPA) -- 2.4 Phthalates: Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis -- 2.4.1 Dioxins -- 2.4.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) -- 2.4.3 Heavy Metals and Male Infertility -- 2.5 Metabolism of Environmental Pollutants -- 2.6 Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress -- 2.7 Formation of Free Radicals -- 2.8 Sources of ROS -- 2.9 Oxidative Damage to Sperm DNA -- 2.10 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Male Infertility -- 2.11 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Effect of Environmental Stressors, Xenobiotics, and Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive and Sexual Health -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methods -- 3.3 Environmentally Linked DNA Methylation.

Funding Information: The research was funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, vide award number DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2015/IF150691. The APC was paid by PS (Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic). Funding Information: We thank the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, for financial assistance in the form of the Inspire Research Fellowship (IF 150691). We also thank the Department of Zoology, the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, for providing instrumental facilities. We are also thankful to Dr. A. K. Chougule of the Department of Radiotherapy, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India, for providing the irradiation facilities and Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India, for the SEM and TEM facilities, and last, we would like to thank the Department of Botany, the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, for the authentication of the plant material used in the study. Funding Information: The research was funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, vide award number DST/ INSPIRE Fellowship/2015/IF150691. The APC was paid by PS (Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Vyas, Kesari, Slama, Roychoudhury and Sisodia. ; Background: Oxidative stress induced by radiation causes variable expression of antioxidant enzymes in a tissue-specific manner. Testicular tissues carry out the complex process of spermatogenesis, and studies indicate that testicular damages due to irradiation require long-term recovery before complete resumption. Ionizing radiation also causes oxidative stress in tissues, leading to testicular damage. Aims and Objectives: This study measured differential expression of antioxidant enzymes following administration of C. borivilianum root extract (CRB) in response to irradiation-induced oxidative stress. The activity of various important endogenous enzymatic defense systems was evaluated and correlated for strength of association. Materials and method: Two forms of C. borivilianum (CB) extracts [CB alone and CB-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)] were administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight to Swiss albino male mice for 7 consecutive days. After that, they were irradiated with 6 Gy irradiation and further used to study various parameters of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Results indicate a significant increase in the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes in irradiated mice treated with CRE and CRE-AgNPs (silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using C. borivilianum root extract) in comparison to non-pretreated ones (groups I and II). Reciprocal elevation was observed in related enzymes, that is, glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Elevation in the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also evident in both the irradiated groups pretreated with CRE-AgNPs. However, expression of CAT in the CRE-treated irradiated group was similar to that of the non-treated irradiated group. Higher association among CAT-SOD, CAT-GPx, and GR-GST was observed. Conclusion: Overall, it was observed that testicular cells post-irradiation in all groups go through intense oxidative stress; however, groups pretreated with CRE or CRE-AgNPs indicated better toleration and resumption of antioxidant capacity. CRE or CRE-AgNPs pretreated non-irradiated groups mostly remained within the control range indicating stimulated expression of antioxidants. ; Peer reviewed

Funding Information: The author V.T. would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India (file no ECR/2017/001809) for financial support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. ; The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) directly at landfills or open dump areas, without segregation and treatment, is a significant concern due to its hazardous contents of antibioticresistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and metal resistance genes (MGEs). The released leachate from landfills greatly effects the soil physicochemical, biological, and groundwater properties associated with agricultural activity and human health. The abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs have been reported worldwide, including MSW landfill sites, animal husbandry, wastewater, groundwater, soil, and aerosol. This review elucidates the occurrence and abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MRGs, which are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Recently, ECs have received global attention because of their prevalence in leachate as a substantial threat to environmental and public health, including an economic burden for developing nations. The present review exclusively discusses the demands to develop a novel eco-friendly management strategy to combat these global issues. This review also gives an intrinsic discussion about the insights of different aspects of environmental and public health concerns caused due to massive leachate generation, the abundance of antibiotics resistance (AR), and the effects of released leachate on the various environmental reservoirs and human health. Furthermore, the current review throws light on the source and fate of different ECs of landfill leachate and their possible impact on the nearby environments (groundwater, surface water, and soil) affecting human health. The present review strongly suggests the demand for future research focuses on the advancement of the removal efficiency of contaminants with the improvement of relevant landfill management to reduce the potential effects of disposable waste. We propose the necessity of the identification and monitoring of potential environmental and human health risks associated with landfill leachate contaminants. ; Peer reviewed