Suchergebnisse

A formal model is proposed for a regulated firm's decision to comply with regulatory standards, & its implications are drawn out. It appears that decisions to comply depend not only on the level of the standard, but on how the agency implements it. Firms will avoid immediate compliance if they believe it is likely to be cheaper to negotiate a compliance agreement with the enforcement agency. At the least, negotiation delays compliance costs; at best, it reduces them. The availability of negotiated compliance affects the relationship between agency decisions & a firm's decision to comply. A firm's decision to comply may be based on hidden benefits of participation in a regulatory regime, such as receipt of information on new technology & management innovation. Negotiated enforcement is ubiquitous because it helps regulatory agencies as well as regulated firms. Benefit-cost analyses of regulatory policies that ignore negotiation costs & eventual compliance levels are likely to be misleading. 1 Figure, 50 References. Modified HA

Ten years ago we completed a survey that examined interest group participation in the rule-making process. At the time, it was the first major study to examine the role of interest groups in one of the most important policy-making venues in our democratic system. This article reexamines interest group participation in rule making a decade later. We focus most of the study on comparisons in how organizations access rule-making agencies, what techniques are used to lobby agencies, & the perceived effectiveness of these techniques by the organizations themselves. In addition, given the relatively new phenomenon of e-rule making & the increase of other electronic communication techniques, we open an examination of interest groups use of these forms of communications & their implications. We find that rule making continues to be a primary concern of organizations trying to influence federal public policy, even as they have focused more on campaign & grassroots activities. In some ways, these efforts are more important now than they were ten years ago. 7 Tables, 30 References. Adapted from the source document.

Factors influencing rule making by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are investigated, with attention to legal requirements, bureaucratic elements, & political influences that may have impacted the passage of time in the issuance of 150 rules between 1986 & 1989. Data were obtained from EPA files. While the models employed account for a substantial amount of the variation in the time it takes to issue rules, their performance is erratic, & much remains to be explained. Existing theory offers important insights into delay in rule making, but more work is needed to identify & refine variables. 5 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

A report on research done for the US Dept of Justice to develop a methodology for estimating of the impact of proposed legislation, or rule changes, on the management & administration of the federal justice system. The methodology developed entailed both quantitative & qualitative resource estimation. It is concluded that such resource estimation contributes to policy optimization by aiding both policy formation & implementation. 1 Table, 1 Figure. HA.