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Hidden schooling: endogenous measurement error and bias in education and labor market experience
In: Journal of population economics: international research on the economics of population, household, and human resources, Band 36, Heft 4, S. 2691-2723
ISSN: 1432-1475
The Unexpected Effects of No Pass, No Drive Policies on High School Education
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 191-217
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractSince 1988, 27 states have introduced No Pass, No Drive laws, which tie a teenager's ability to receive and maintain a driver's license to various school‐related outcomes—most commonly, enrollment and attendance. Enrollment‐Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in 21 states, target both enrollment and attendance, and have negligible effects on dropout rates. However, these policies decrease the Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate (AFGR) by between 1 and 1.7 percentage points. This lower graduation rate stems from students delaying their dropout decision by up to two years. As a result, these students are retained in the ninth and tenth grades, increasing 9th‐grade enrollment by 3.6 percent relative to 8th‐grade enrollment the year prior; this causes an artificial reduction in the graduation rate, rather than a reduction in the true likelihood that a student will graduate. Truancy‐Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in five states, target only attendance—teens that fail to meet a minimum attendance requirement lose their driver's license. However, these policies allow students to drop out of school without facing this penalty. These policies increase the annual dropout rate by between 23 and 34 percent (1 to 1.6 percentage points).
The Internet is a Packet-Switched Network
SSRN
Working paper
Expanding Research on the Role of Alcohol Consumption and Related Risks in the Prevention and Treatment of HIV_AIDS
In: Substance use & misuse: an international interdisciplinary forum, Band 41, Heft 10-12, S. 1465-1507
ISSN: 1532-2491
Rotation: New Experiences in Changing Times
In: Public Personnel Management, Band os-33, Heft 2, S. 123-127
ISSN: 1945-7421
Of Knights, Knaves and Merchants: The Case of Residential Care for Older People in England in the Late 1990s
In: Social policy & administration: an international journal of policy and research, Band 35, Heft 4, S. 360-375
ISSN: 0037-7643, 0144-5596
Taking the employees' perspective seriously: an initial United Kingdom cross-sectoral comparison
In: Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, Band 29, Heft 2
ISSN: 0899-7640
A Complex Systems Model of Industry Concentration and Broadband Infrastructure Investment
In: TPRC 2011
SSRN
Ethical Issues in a Stage 1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Feasibility Study and Trial to Reduce Alcohol Use Among HIV-Infected Outpatients in Western Kenya
In: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: JERHRE ; an international journal, Band 7, Heft 3, S. 29-37
ISSN: 1556-2654
Epidemics of both HIV/AIDS and alcohol abuse in sub-Saharan Africa have spurred the conduct of local behavioral therapy trials for these problems, but the ethical issues involved in these trials have not been fully examined. In this paper, we discuss ethical issues that emerged during the conduct of a behavioral intervention adaptation and trial using cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected outpatients in Eldoret, Kenya. The study was performed within our multinational collaboration, the USAID-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership. We discuss relevant ethical considerations and how we addressed them.
Brief communication: The role of geophysical imaging in local landslide early warning systems
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences: NHESS, Band 21, Heft 12, S. 3863-3871
ISSN: 1684-9981
Abstract. We summarise the contribution of geophysical imaging to
local landslide early warning systems (LoLEWS), highlighting how the design and monitoring components of LoLEWS benefit from the enhanced spatial and
temporal resolutions of time-lapse geophysical imaging. In addition, we
discuss how with appropriate laboratory-based petrophysical transforms, geophysical data can be crucial for future slope failure forecasting
and modelling, linking other methods of remote sensing and intrusive
monitoring across different scales. We conclude that in light of ever-increasing spatiotemporal resolutions of data acquisition, geophysical
monitoring should be a more widely considered technology in the toolbox of
methods available to stakeholders operating LoLEWS.
UK public perceptions of shale gas hydraulic fracturing:The role of audience, message and contextual factors on risk perceptions and policy support
In: Whitmarsh , L , Nash , N , Upham , P , Lloyd , A , Verdon , J P & Kendall , J -M 2015 , ' UK public perceptions of shale gas hydraulic fracturing : The role of audience, message and contextual factors on risk perceptions and policy support ' , Applied Energy , vol. 160 , pp. 419-430 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.004
There is growing recognition of the need to understand public attitudes to energy sources, such as shale gas, and to feed these into decision-making. This study represents the first detailed UK experimental survey of public perceptions of shale gas fracking, including analysis of the effects of different messages and the relative influence of different audience, message and contextual factors on support and risk perceptions in respect of shale gas fracking. Using an online survey (N = 1457) of the UK public, we find considerable ambivalence about shale gas, but also greater awareness of potential risks than benefits. Prior knowledge is associated with more favourable attitudes, although demographics, political affiliation and environmental values are strongest influences on perceptions. When provided with environmental or economic information about shale gas, participants became more positive - irrespective of their prior values or whether information is framed in terms of losses or gains. As expected, prior attitudes predict how information is received, with more attitude change amongst the most ambivalent respondents. We conclude that additional information about shale gas is more likely to be effective changing attitudes if focussed on this 'undecided' group. Studies of this type are important for policy makers and industry alike.
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Comparison of geomechanical deformation induced by megatonne-scale CO2 storage at Sleipner, Weyburn, and In Salah
The economic and political viability of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is dependent on the secure storage of CO2 in subsurface geologic reservoirs. A key leakage risk is that posed by geomechanical deformation generating fractures in otherwise sealing caprocks. This study examines this risk, comparing and contrasting deformation induced at three large-scale CCS sites—Sleipner (Norwegian North Sea), Weyburn (Canada), and In Salah (Algeria). These sites show very different geomechanical responses, highlighting the importance of systematic geomechanical appraisal prior to injection, and comprehensive, multifaceted monitoring during injection at any future large-scale CCS operations.
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Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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