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This paper utilizes the holistic and synthetic approach of anthropology to present certain issues and problems regarding age. Such an approach integrates the processes of adaptation and evolution among the biological, sociocultural, environmental, and demographic dimensions over time. Within this context the human life cycle, and particularly postreproductive longevity, is considered as an evolutionary phenomenon. The paper also examines world wide and national demographic trends in aging and the effects of these trends on cross-cultural adaptations to the aged. It concludes by emphasizing the magnitude of the demographic shifts through which we are living and by drawing attention to the potential role of anthropology in the attendant readjust ments of society to this change.

Certain issues & problems regarding aging are presented utilizing the holistic & synthetic approach of anthropology, an integration of adaptation & evolution processes among the biological, sociocultural, environmental, & demographic dimensions over time. Within this context the human life cycle, particularly postreproductive longevity, is considered as an evolutionary phenomenon. Also examined are worldwide & national demographic aging trends & their effects on cross-cultural adaptations to the aged. Emphasized are the magnitude of current demographic shifts & anthropology's potential role in society's attendant readjustment. 4 Figures. Modified HA.

Originally published in 1990. Produced by the Task Force on African Famine of the American Anthropological Association, this is the first of a multi-part project dealing with the long-term and ongoing food crisis in Africa primarily at the level of local production-the microperspective. It offers a series of anthropological and ecological views on the cause of the current problem and on coping strategies used by both indigenous people and developmental planners. The three sections of this volume review current explanations for food problems in Africa, focusing mainly on production and consumption at the household level; they offer a number of perspectives on the environmental, historical, political, and economic contexts for food stress, and include a series of case studies showing the ways in which Africans have responded to the threat of drought and hunger. The extent of research and the degree of scholarship involved in the production of this volume recommend it to all persons concerned with this ultimately global dilemma, particularly those involved in planning and relief efforts.

Originally published in 1991. Commissioned by the Task Force on African Famine of the American Anthropological Association, this the second part of a project examining the causes of food system failure in Africa and the effects of attempts to remedy the situation. It evaluates the often-retrogressive results of foreign aid to African nations and offers an anthropological perspective on how to reverse this trend. The contributors emphasize integrating all development programs with the regional customs and traditions already in place that have thus far allowed its people to cope with food and water shortages. In the past, various strategies have failed due to misunderstandings and incorrect assumptions concerning gender roles, food consumption habits, social relations, kinship networks, land use and government function. New understanding of the culture must be complemented with multifaceted programs incorporating education, a concern for grass-roots opinion and control, attention to production and consumption patterns, and various forms of broad-spectrum integrated development. The uniqueness research is recommended for all who are concerned about worldwide malnutrition and those who understand the need to recognize local traditions as resources that must be included in any successful development program.

Originally published in 1990. This is the first part of a project dealing with the long-term food crisis in Africa primarily at the level of local production. It offers anthropological and ecological views on the cause of the problem and on coping strategies used by both indigenous people and developmental planners.

Transformations of Global Food Systems for Climate Change Resilience: Addressing Food Security, Nutrition, and Health provides poignant case studies of climate change resilience frameworks for nutrition-focused transformations of agriculture and food systems, food security, food sovereignty, and population health of underserved and marginalized communities from across the globe. Each chapter is drawn from diverse cultural contexts and geographic areas, addressing local challenges of ongoing food and health system transformations. They illustrate forms of resistance, resilience, and adaptations of food systems to climate change. Fourteen chapters present global case studies directly address the United Nation's sustainable development goals and the Food and Agriculture Organization's global call to action for transforming agriculture addressing food security and nutrition, and the health of populations impacted by climate change and public health issues. This edited volume includes research on 1 enhancing food sovereignty and food security for underserved populations, with a particular focus on indigenous peoples 2 improving locally contextualized definitions and measurements of climate change resilience, food security, hunger, nutrition, and health 3 informing public health programs and policies for population health and nutrition and 4 facilitating public and policy discourse on sustainable futures for community health and nutrition in the face of climate change and natural disasters, including ongoing and future pandemics or emergencies. Within this book, readers discover an array of approaches by authors that exemplify the mutually engaged and reciprocal partnerships that are community driven and support the positive transformation of the people with whom they work. By doing so, this book informs and drives a global sustainable future of scholarship and policy that is tied to the intersectionality and synergisms of climate change resilience, food security, food sovereignty, nutrition, and community health--

Transformations of Global Food Systems for Climate Change Resilience: Addressing Food Security, Nutrition, and Health provides poignant case studies of climate change resilience frameworks for nutrition-focused transformations of agriculture and food systems, food security, food sovereignty, and population health of underserved and marginalized communities from across the globe. Each chapter is drawn from diverse cultural contexts and geographic areas, addressing local challenges of ongoing food and health system transformations. They illustrate forms of resistance, resilience, and adaptations of food systems to climate change. Fourteen chapters present global case studies directly address the United Nation's sustainable development goals and the Food and Agriculture Organization's global call to action for transforming agriculture addressing food security and nutrition, and the health of populations impacted by climate change and public health issues. This edited volume includes research on 1 enhancing food sovereignty and food security for underserved populations, with a particular focus on indigenous peoples 2 improving locally contextualized definitions and measurements of climate change resilience, food security, hunger, nutrition, and health 3 informing public health programs and policies for population health and nutrition and 4 facilitating public and policy discourse on sustainable futures for community health and nutrition in the face of climate change and natural disasters, including ongoing and future pandemics or emergencies. Within this book, readers discover an array of approaches by authors that exemplify the mutually engaged and reciprocal partnerships that are community driven and support the positive transformation of the people with whom they work. By doing so, this book informs and drives a global sustainable future of scholarship and policy that is tied to the intersectionality and synergisms of climate change resilience, food security, food sovereignty, nutrition, and community health--