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Profit sharing has been proposed as a solution to underemploymentresulting from collective bargaining, but the empirical results areambiguous and the theoretical basis for this claim is weak. This papershows equity sharing can, in theory, solve the principle shortcomings ofprofit sharing. First, equity sharing can resolve both underemployment andover employment. Second, the results do not depend on assuming thatinsiders and the firm are prevented from bargaining over employmentlevel. Third the system does not require government intervention sinceboth sides can benefit from adopting equity sharing.Keywords: Bargaining game, profit sharing model, equity sharing.

SMEs are the largest business group that plays an important role in driving the economy because it involves large numbers of workers. But SMEs have lower productivity compared to large scale businesses. Therefore, The SMEs are needed to improve the competitiveness by identifying critical success factors. This paper aims to identify critical success factors in knitting SMEs by using factor analysis methods. The results obtained show that of the 10 variables identified in the group into 4 factors, namely the main factor (25.6%), supporting factors (20.8%), local competitor factors (12.3%), and global competitor factors (11.7 %). The four factors in accordance with their priorities are the factors that determine the success of an SME or critical success factors with an influence level of 70.4%. The main factors impacted the success of SMEs from internal organizations are marketing, machine, and creativity in product design. Then from the external environment is government policies.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) measures relative efficiency among the decision making units (DMU) without considering noise in data. The least efficient DMU indicates that it is in the worst situation. In this paper, we measure efficiency of individual DMU whenever it losses the maximum output, and the efficiency of other DMUs is measured in the observed situation. This efficiency is the minimum efficiency of a DMU. The concept of stochastic data envelopment analysis (SDEA) is a DEA method which considers the noise in data which is proposed in this study. Using bounded Pareto distribution, we estimate the DEA efficiency from efficiency interval. Small value of shape parameter can estimate the efficiency more accurately using the Pareto distribution. Rank correlations were estimated between observed efficiencies and minimum efficiency as well as between observed and estimated efficiency. The correlations are indicating the effectiveness of this SDEA model.

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is one of the most important developments in the finance literature. Simply, CAPM is a model that describes the relationship between risk and expected return. The theoretical validity of CAPM is well tested and accepted but the practical validity of CAPM is in questioned.This study is designed to analyze and estimate the portfolio performance of Bangladesh stock market in a CAPM framework.For this study, monthly stock returns from 80 companies for the period of January 2005 to December 2009 are chosen.In order to examine whether the CAPM is satisfied in the portfolio or not, the 80 stocks are arranged in descending order of beta and 10 portfolios are being made of eight stocks in each.The All Share Price Index (DSI) is used as a proxy for the market portfolio and Bangladesh government 3-Month T-bill rate is used as the proxy for the risk-free asset. The results of this analysis show that the intercept terms are not significantly different from zero, linearity in the securities market line and insignificant unique risk for the 10 portfolios during the period. But, the results in term of slope contradict the CAPM hypothesis and indicate evidence against the CAPM in the portfolios.This analysis will obviously be used as a basis of reference for future investigates and the researchers and they will get proper instruction from this study.

The international exchange program plays an important role in improving soft skills and helps graduates' to be confident to compete in job market. Student can achieve a vast academic knowledge apart from extra-curricular and co-curricular skills through attending exchange program. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the development of students acquired soft skills and the barriers they face to achieve the goal through the exchange program. The data obtained from 87 students who participated in exchange program in different countries of Asia. Besides descriptive statistics, factor analysis was performed to identify the achieved soft skills through exchange program. This study reveals that, a large number of students were attending in exchange program at their own cost and most of the students were from the year 3. Indubitably, Exchange program helps to improve students' soft skill such as; communication skill, team building ability, adaptability with situation. Moreover, lectures delivered to the students were found interesting. Results of the study are expected to motivate students attending in international exchange program and will offer a right direction to the students to get an expected outcome

Received: 22 June 2021 / Accepted: 13 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022