Suchergebnisse

Article Details: Received: 2020-08-31 | Accepted: 2020-11-16 | Available online: 2021-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.137-140The aim of this study was to analyse the gross energy (GE) value of egg yolk from hens feed with different vegetable oils addition and based on gained results calculate the linear regression between GE and dry matter % (DM) in yolk. Total 66 hens Lohmann brown lite were divided in to 11 groups according to concentration and type of used vegetable oil (pumpkin oil 3%, flax seed oil 3%, indian hemp seed oil 2.5% and 5%, grape seed oil 2.5% and 5%, olive oil 2.5 and 5%, apricot seed oil 2.5% and 5%). Hens were in 40th week of life and were housed per 6 in cage. From each group eight eggs were randomly selected. In total 88 egg yolks were separated and analysed for DM and GE content. The highest yolk GE was detected in group with 3% pumpkin oil addition (1639 kJ/100g) followed by groups with 2.5 and 5% indian hemp seed oil addition 1632 and 1632 kJ/100g, respectively. Difference between these three groups compared to yolk GE content (1584 kJ/100g) in control group was significant (P0.05). GE concertation of yolk can be calculated as follows: GE = -17.34 + (32.73 * DM), R2 = 0.819.Keywords: laying hens, egg yolk gross energy, regressionReferencesAntova, G. A. et al. (2019). Comparative analysis of nutrient content and energy of eggs from different chicken genotypes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99(13), 5890–5898. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9863AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis AOAC. International 17th edition. Association of Analytical Communities, Gaithersburg.Benková, J. (2008). Artificial hatching of poultry is nothing simple. Slovenský chov, 13(6), 45-47. In Slovak.Gálik, B.et al. (2014). The effect of dietary Rhus coriaria L. on table eggs yolk nutrients composition. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 17(3), 93–95. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2014.17.03.93-95Herkeľ, R. et al. (2016). Fatty acid profile and nutritional composition of table eggs after supplementation by pumpkin and flaxseed oils. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 85(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201685030277Hrnčár, C. & Bujko, J. (2012). Effect of pre-storage incubation of hatching eggs on hatchability of poultry. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 15(2), 34-37. http://www.acta.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/index.php/on_line/article/view/31Javad, N. et al. (2011). Effects of amino acids and metabolizable energy on egg characteristics and broiler breeder performance. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(49), 10066–10071. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.1268Noble, R. C. et al. (1996). Yolk lipids and their fatty acids in the wild and captive ostrich (Struthio camelus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 113(4), 753–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)02097-7Pearson, R. A. & Herron, K. M. (1981). Effects of energy and protein allowances during lay on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens. British Poultry Science, 22(3), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071688108447881Pištěková, V. et al. (2011). The quality comparison of eggs laid by laying hens kept in battery cages and in a deep litter system. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 51(7), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.17221/3945-cjasRadu-Rusu, R. et al. (2014). Chemical features, cholesterol and energy content of table hen eggs from conventional and alternative farming systems. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v44i1.5Roe, M. et al. (2013). Nutrient analysis of eggs. Analytical Report (revised version). UK Government, Department of Health and Social Care. Retrieved December 10, 2020 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/167973/Nutrient_analysis_of_ eggs_Analytical_Report.pdfRoztočilová, A. et al. (2018). Effect of purple wheat RU 687- 12 on performance parameters of laying hens at the end of the lay. In NutriNET 2018. Proceedings of reviewed scientific papers. Mendel University in Brno (pp. 92–97).Vojtaššáková, A. et al. (2000). Milk and eggs. Food nutrition tables. Výskumný ústav potravinársky, Bratislava. In Slovak.Van der Wagt, I. et al. (2020). A review on yolk sac utilization in poultry. Poultry Science, 99(4), 2162–2175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.041Zhang, Y. (2016). Studies on chicken hatchability and its relation with egg yolk metabolites. Dissertation thesis. GeorgAugust-University, Göttingen.

Received: 2015-11-03 | Accepted: 2016-01-29 | Available online: 2016-05-30dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.02.54-58The aim of the work was to determine the nutritive and fermentation quality of farm-scale alfalfa silages from West part of Slovakia, analyzed in 2014 on the Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In alfalfa silages, we found the average dry mater content 372.66 g.kg-1, while 30 % of samples had lower dry mater content than 350 g.kg-1. Only 15 % of samples had higher content of crude protein than 200 g. We don't found content of ADF lower than 300 g.kg-1 of DM in any sample. In alfalfa silages was higher content of NDF than 37.5 % in 70 % of alfalfa silages. The lactic acid content was higher than 10 g of the original mater in all samples except one, ranged from 0.73 to 14.67 % on a dry matter basis. Average content of acetic acid was 29.82 g.kg-1 of DM. Undesirable butyric acid was found in 35 % of samples with average content 8.44 g.kg-1 of DM, with maximal content 108.25 g.kg-1 of DM.Keywords: alfalfa, silage, nutritive value, fermentation, qualityReferencesBaumont, R. (1996) Palatability and feeding behaviour in ruminants. A review. Annales de Zootechnie, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 385-400. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19960501Bíro, D. et al. (2010) Influence of bacterial-enzyme additive on fermentation process of faba bean, alfalfa and oat mixture silages. In Forage Conservation. Brno 17-19.3. 2010. Brno: Mendel University, pp. 145-147.Bíro, D. et al. (2014) Conservation and Adjustment of Feed. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (in Slovak).Daniel, J. L. P. et al. (2013) Performance of dairy cows fed high levels of acetic acid or ethanol. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 398-406. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5451Doležal, P. et al. (2012) Feed Conservation. Olomouc: Petr Baštan (in Czech).Gerlach, K. et al. (2014) Aerobic exposure of grass silages and its impact on dry matter intake and preference by goats. Small Ruminant Research, vol. 117, no. 2-3, pp. 131-141. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.033Huhtanen, P. et al. (2002) Prediction of the relative intake potential of grass silage by dairy cows. Livestock Production Science, vol. 73, no. 2-3, pp. 111-130. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00279-2Charmley, E. (2001) Towards improved silage quality. A review. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 157-168. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/CJAS10071Jendrišáková, S. (2010) Determination of protein digestible in intestine by NIRS-method in forages for ruminants. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 54-57. Retrieved from http://www.slpk.sk/acta/docs/2010/afz02-10/jendrisakova.pdfKung, L. and Shaver, R. (2001) Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus on Forage, vol. 3, no. 13, pp.1-5.Kung, L. (2010) Understanding the biology of silage preservation to maximize quality and protect the environment. In Proceedings, 2010 California Alfalfa & Forage Symposium and Corn/Cereal Silage Conference. Visalia, California 1-2. 12. 2010. University of California, pp. 1-14.Mitrík, T. (2010) Evaluation of quality and nutritive value of forage : Ph.D. Thesis. Košice: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy,. pp.126-130.Muck R. E., Moser, L. E. and Pitt, R. E. (2003) Postharvest factors affecting ensiling. In: Buxton, D. et al. (eds) Silage Science and Technology. No. 42 in the series Agronomy. Madison: Wisconsin, pp. 251-304.Pajtáš, M. et al. (2009) Nutrition and animal feeding. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (in Slovak).Petrikovič, P. et al. (2000) Nutritive value of feed I. part. Nitra: Research institute of animal production (in Slovak).Rajčáková, Ľ. and Mlynár, R. (2009) The principles of use of the potential of silage and preservative additives in the production of high quality and hygienically safe conserved feed. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.cvzv.sk/pdf/Konzervacia-a-silazovanie-krmiv/Silazovanie-metodicka%20prirucka.pdf (in Slovak).Regulation of the Government of Slovak Republic no. 439/2006, appendix no.7, part G, Nutritive value of feeds (in Slovak).Regulation of the Slovak Ministry of Agriculture no. 2136/2004-100 about sampling of feeds and about laboratory testing and evaluation of feeds. (in Slovak).SAS Institute Inc. (2008) SAS/STAT® 9.2 User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.Seglar, B. (2003) Fermentation analysis and silage quality testing. In Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Minnesota, pp.119-136. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.cvm.umn.edu/dairy/prod/groups/cvm/@pub/@cvm/documents/asset/cvm_22260.pdfShaver, R. D. (2013) Practical application of new forage quality tests. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://ext100.wsu.edu/wallawalla/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2013/07/New-Forage-Quality-Tests.pdfSchmidt, P. et al. (2014) Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the nutritive value of sugarcane silage for finishing beef bulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol. 43, no.1, pp. 8-13. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982014000100002 Steinshamn, H. (2010) Effect of forage legumes on feed intake, milk production and milk quality – a review. Animal Science Papers and Reports, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 195-206. Retrieved from http://www.ighz.edu.pl/?p0=5&p1=34&o=2998Škultéty, M. (1999) Evaluation of quality in silages. In Forage conservation. Nitra 6.-8. 9. 1999. Nitra: Research Institute of Animal Production, pp. 46-49 (in Slovak).Tabacco, E. et al. (2002) Effect of cutting frequency on dry matter yield and quality of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the Po Valley. Italian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 27-33. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228598490_Effect_of_cutting_frequency_on_dry_matter_yield_and_quality_of_lucerne_Medicago_sativa_L_in_the_Po_ValleyTabacco, E. et al. (2006) Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 4736-4746. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72523-1Van Saun, R. J. (2008) Troubleshooting silage problems: how to identify potential problems. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://extension.psu.edu/animals/health/metabolic-profiling/bibliography/Bunksilo.pdfVyskočil, I. et al. (2008) Pocket catalog of feedstuffs. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://web2.mendelu.cz/pcentrum/publikace/53_kapesni_katalog_krmiv.pdf (in Czech).Ward, R.T. (2008) Fermentation analysis of silage: use and interpretation. [Online]. Retrieved May 29, 2015 from http://www.foragelab.com/media/fermentation-silage-nfmp-oct-2008.pdf