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This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.-- et al. ; The convergent preparation of Janus molecular nanoparticles by thiourea-''clicking'' of a,a0 -trehalose halves has been implemented; the strategy allows access to macrocyclic derivatives with seggregated cationic and lipophilic domains that in the presence of DNA undergo pH-dependent self-assembly into lamellar superstructures, as established by electrochemical, structural (SAXS), microscopical (TEM) and computational techniques, that mediate transfection in vitro and in vivo. ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). ; The authors thank MINECO (contract numbers CTQ2012- 30821, SAF2013-44021-R, CTQ2015-64425-C2-1-R and CTQ2015-64425-C2-2-R), the Junta de Andalucía (contract number FQM2012-1467), University Complutense of Madrid (project no. UCMA05-33-010), the Government of Navarra (Department of Innovation and Industry, contract number IIQ14334.RI1), the University of Navarra Foundation (FUN), and the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER and FSE) for financial support. ; Peer reviewed

A histidine-based gemini cationic lipid, which had already demonstrated its efficiency as a plasmid DNA (pDNA) nanocarrier, has been used in this work to transfect a small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cancer cells. In combination with the helper lipid monoolein glycerol (MOG), the cationic lipid was used as an antiGFP-siRNA nanovector in a multidisciplinary study. Initially, a biophysical characterization by zeta potential (ζ) and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments was performed to determine the lipid effective charge and confirm siRNA compaction. The lipoplexes formed were arranged in Lα lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phases with a cluster-type morphology, as cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies revealed. Additionally, in vitro experiments confirmed the high gene knockdown efficiency of the lipid-based nanovehicle as detected by flow cytometry (FC) and epifluorescence microscopy, even better than that of Lipofectamine2000*, the transfecting reagent commonly used as a positive control. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the nanovector is non-toxic to cells. Finally, using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), apolipoprotein A-I and A-II followed by serum albumin were identified as the proteins with higher affinity for the surface of the lipoplexes. This fact could be beyond the remarkable silencing activity of the histidine-based lipid nanocarrier herein presented. ; This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) (Grant RTI2018-095844-B-I00 and CTQ2017-88948-P), the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain) (project number UCMA05-33-010), and the Regional Government of Madrid (Grant P2018/NMT-4389). P.T. thanks Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) through the Project MAT2016-80266-R and Xunta de Galicia (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva ED431C 2018/26; Agrupación Estratégica en Materiales-AEMAT ED431E 2018/08). ERDF funds are all greatly acknowledged. The proteomic analysis was performed in the Proteomics Unit of Complutense University of Madrid, a member of ProteoRed and is supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. ; Peer reviewed

A histidine-based gemini cationic lipid, which had already demonstrated its efficiency as a plasmid DNA (pDNA) nanocarrier, has been used in this work to transfect a small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cancer cells. In combination with the helper lipid monoolein glycerol (MOG), the cationic lipid was used as an antiGFP-siRNA nanovector in a multidisciplinary study. Initially, a biophysical characterization by zeta potential (ζ) and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments was performed to determine the lipid effective charge and confirm siRNA compaction. The lipoplexes formed were arranged in Lα lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phases with a cluster-type morphology, as cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies revealed. Additionally, in vitro experiments confirmed the high gene knockdown efficiency of the lipid-based nanovehicle as detected by flow cytometry (FC) and epifluorescence microscopy, even better than that of Lipofectamine2000*, the transfecting reagent commonly used as a positive control. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the nanovector is non-toxic to cells. Finally, using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), apolipoprotein A-I and A-II followed by serum albumin were identified as the proteins with higher affinity for the surface of the lipoplexes. This fact could be beyond the remarkable silencing activity of the histidine-based lipid nanocarrier herein presented ; This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) (Grant RTI2018-095844-B-I00 and CTQ2017-88948-P), the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain) (project number UCMA05-33-010), and the Regional Government of Madrid (Grant P2018/NMT-4389). P.T. thanks Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) through the Project MAT2016-80266-R and Xunta de Galicia (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva ED431C 2018/26; Agrupación Estratégica en Materiales-AEMAT ED431E 2018/08). ERDF funds are all greatly acknowledged. The proteomic ...

Amphiphilic nonionic ligands, synthesized with a fixed hydrophobic moiety formed by a thiolated alkyl chain and an aromatic ring, and with a hydrophilic tail composed of a variable number of oxyethylene units, were used to functionalize spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in water. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements of the AuNPs in the presence of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) revealed the formation of supramolecular complexes between the ligand and macrocycle at the surface of the nanocrystals. The addition of α-CD induced the formation of inclusion complexes with a high apparent binding constant that decreased with the increasing oxyethylene chain length. The formation of polyrotaxanes at the surface of AuNPs, in which many α-CDs are trapped as hosts on the long and linear ligands, was demonstrated by the formation of large and homogeneous arrays of self-assembled AuNPs with hexagonal close packing, where the interparticle distance increased with the length of the oxyethylene chain. The estimated number of α-CDs per polyrotaxane suggests a high rigidization of the ligand upon complexation, allowing for nearly perfect control of the interparticle distance in the arrays. This degree of supramolecular control was extended to arrays formed by AuNPs stabilized with polyethylene glycol and even to binary arrays. Electromagnetic simulations showed that the enhancement and distribution of the electric field can be finely controlled in these plasmonic arrays. ; : This work was funded by the Spanish MINECO (MAT2014-59678-R and CTQ2015-65972-R), and the Madrid Regional Government (S2013/MIT-2807). A.G.-M. and S.G.-G. acknowledge receipt of a "Ramón y Cajal" and "Juan de la Cierva" fellowships, respectively, from the Spanish MINECO. P.D.N. acknowledges DIMMAT project funded by the Madrid Regional Government (S2013/MIT-2775). The authors acknowledge the facilities provided by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center and the National Center of Microscopy (Universidad Complutense de Madrid).