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Structural linguistics is a branch of linguistics which analyzes language from a structural point of view. It focuses on how language is formed and constructed, and how language can be understood structurally. This study analyzes the structure of language and its implications in modern linguistics, examines the understanding and application of structural linguistic concepts, and identifies how these concepts can be used to understand and analyze language. Saussure developed a theory about language as an organized symbolic system. He emphasized that language is a system consisting of components that are interrelated with one another. After Saussure, several other linguists also developed the concept of structural linguistics. Structural Linguistics has developed into one of the most important branches of linguistics. The contributions of Structural Linguistics have had a major impact on various fields. By analyzing the structure of language, linguists can understand how language develops and how language interacts culturally and socially. This has helped teachers, translators and linguists in developing languages and improving the quality of language teaching, translation and analysis. The application of Structural Linguistics has helped linguists a lot in understanding how language develops and changes. This theory has helped linguists to understand how language is influenced by social and cultural contexts, and how language is used to express meaning in different language contexts.

Received: 8 September 2023 / Accepted: 27 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai karakter dalam fabel media daring di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari web http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id. kumpulan fabel Sulawesi Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik noninteraktif dengan melakukan pembacaan intensif pada fabel dan melakukan pencatatan secara aktif dengan metode analisis isi. Validitas data untuk menguji validitas penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi data dan triangulasi metode. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman (1994), yaitu: (1) melakukan identifikasi fable sebagai objek penelitian, (2) melakukan reduksi data, (3) menyajikan data, (4) menginterpretasikan data yang diperoleh sesuai teori, dan (5) menyusun simpulan. Pendidikan karakter yang ditemukan ada empat belas yaitu: peduli, hormat, kerja sama, penolong, demokrasi, berbakti, rendah hati, kreatif, pemaaf, pemberani, disiplin, kerja keras, jujur, dan religius. Pendidikan karakter dalam fabel dapat diterapkan pada pembentukan karakter anak usia dini dengan pengasuhan anak usia dini (sejak bayi) dan pendidikan dini anak-anak dengan cara yang sejalan dengan orientasi perspektif anak, yaitu:1.Melihat anak itu sebagai pribadi; 2.Keikutsertaan yang empati dengan anak; 3.Sikap interpretatif menghormati anak ungkapan-ungkapan dan arti kehidupan dunia; 4.Membimbing anak dengan cara yang sensitif 5.Perawatan dini dan pendidikan adalah proses dialogis antara anak dan pengasuh/guru

Indonesia as a nation-state accommodates a lot of cultural diversity that grows in society. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has mandated a form of the regional government, which regulates and manages government affairs on its own according to the principles of autonomy and co-administration. This is directed at accelerating the realization of community welfare through improvement, service, empowerment, and community participation, as well as increasing regional competitiveness by taking into account the principles of democracy, equity, justice, privilege and specificity of a region in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The provisions in the constitution mandate the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia to be carried out with inter-regional arrangements that are not uniform between one another. In the relationship between the centre and the regions or the province and districts/cities, it is possible to have a special relationship pattern, such as the Papua province. Such arrangements are intended to ensure that the entire Indonesian nation is truly united with diversity within the framework of the Unitary State.Keywords: Regional Autonomy; Implementation of Papua's Special Autonomy; 1945 Constitution AbstrakIndonesia sebagai Negara Bangsa (nation state) mewadahi banyak keragaman budaya yang tumbuh di dalam masyarakat. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, telah mengamanatkan suatu bentuk pemerintahan daerah, yang mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan menurut asas otonomi dan tugas pembantuan. Hal ini diarahkan untuk mempercepat terwujudnya kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui peningkatan, pelayanan, pemberdayaan, dan peran serta masyarakat, serta peningkatan daya saing daerah dengan memperhatikan prinsip demokrasi, pemerataan, keadilan, keistimewaan dan kekhususan suatu daerah dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Ketentuan-ketentuan dalam konstitusi tersebut, mengamanatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia diselenggarakan ...

In realizing a prosperous region, the principles of decentralization, deconcentration and co-administration must be carried out simultaneously which is flowed in one pipe, the principle of regional autonomy. The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory approach. Legal regulations are the focal point of the object and the main theme in this research. The research specification is descriptive analysis with the object of regional autonomy and the laws and regulations that underlie it. The results of the study stated that the essence of the ideal implementation of regional autonomy according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia lies in the independence of the autonomous region in drafting Regional Regulations between the DPRD and the Regional Head. This is because the DPRD is directly elected by the local people in a democratic manner. DPRD as the representative of the regional people is a reflection of the aspirations of the regional people in realizing quality and aspirational regional regulations as a means of realizing independence, quality services and the welfare of the regional people.Keywords: Unitary State Principles; Regional autonomy; Local regulation AbstrakDalam mewujudkan daerah yang sejahtera, prinsip desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi dan tugas pembantuan harus dilaksanakan secara bersamaan yang dialirkan dalam satu pipa prinsip otonomi daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan Peraturan hukum menjadi titik fokus objek dan tema utama dalam penelitian ini. Spesifikasi penelitian yakni dengan deskriptif analisis dengan objek otonomi daerah dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang melandasinya. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa esensi pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yang ideal menurut UUD NRI 1945 terletak pada kemandirian daerah otonom dalam menyusun Peraturan Daerah antara DPRD bersama Kepala Daerah. Sebab DPRD dipilih langsung oleh rakyat daerah secara demokratis. DPRD sebagai wakil rakyat daerah ...

In recent years, there has been a lot of news in several electronic media about the sale of illegal products both directly and online in the health sector, especially cosmetic products. The sale of illegal products is rife in Indonesia and the average consumer is housewives and teenage girls. This research is a literature review to explore consumer protection for cosmetic products circulating in Indonesia. Circulation of Cosmetics Containing Hazardous Materials is still common in the community, therefore several efforts to overcome legal protection for consumers against the circulation of cosmetics containing hazardous materials must be controlled from oneself, the community, and the government.

Every age, God will raise up certain people who will become church leaders in their day, to be witnesses of God through the truth of God's word. Their presence did not only appear suddenly, but also through a long process of life and education. In this article, we will explore about The Background of Calvin's Thoughts, whose influence has revealed the world of theology to this day. Calvin was not only influenced by France Humanism but also medieval Theology at that time. Voluntarism was a popular theology in Calvin era. Calvin received only education in theology from medieval tradition on the first stage of his studies because he never studied theology at university. Calvin's method which was used to build his theology is inseparable from his studying in Civil Law in Orleans. His studying in Orleans has changed Calvin to be a good jurist and he used his skill later in Geneva to compile codifications of legislation and regulation for Church and government in Geneva. In addition to regulation of life, Calvin also noticed the purity of Christian faith teaching.

The book of Isaiah is really interesting to explore. Many conflicts occurred there, both in relation to God and with other nations. In this study, spiritual, social-ethic and political background will be scrutinized to assist to understand Isaiah chapter 62 comprehensively. Spiritual life of God's people is declined in the book of Isaiah because of idolatries and nations. Hebrew people make idols out of trees and worship pagan wooden idols (40:18-20; 44:9-20). Not only will God give to His redeemed Zion all that is necessary but in addition, He will appoint watchmen upon her walls that she may receive the utmost in protection. It is clear Isaiah is not exclusively interested in the interpersonal and social relationship structures within Israel. He is also concerned with the broader canvas of international politics. During Isaiah ministry, it was a time of great political turmoil for the nation of Judah because facing the opposition that coming from the north and east.

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai sarana Pembelajaran Demokrasi di Sekolah. dengan maksud untuk memberikan sedikit sumbangan pengetahuan dan pengalaman kepada para guru, sehingga dapat membuka wawasan terhadap pendidikan demokrasi kepada anak didik. Untuk keperluan tersebut telah dikaji beberapa literatur relevan. Pendidikan demokrasi merupakan suatu hal yang prinsip dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan mengembangkan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya, harus dilaksanakan melalui proses pendidikan. Demokrasi bukan saja dalam materi yang diajarkan oleh guru maupun materi yang diterima oleh siswa tetapi juga dalam prosesnya harus mencerminkan sikap demokrasi. Dalam proses sosialisasi politik, pendidikan sistem persekolahan mempunyai peran yang penting khususnya untuk kelangsungan sistem politik yang ada. Peranan pendidikan tersebut antara lain sebagai sosialisasi kultur politik di kalangan siswa, seleksi, rekrutmen dan melatih calon pemimpin politik, dan integrasi bangsa.

In this study, spiritual, social-ethic and political background will be scrutinized to assist to understand Isaiah chapter 62 comprehensively. Spiritual life of God's people is declined in the book of Isaiah because of idolatries and nations. Hebrew people make idols out of trees and worship pagan wooden idols (40:18-20; 44:9-20). Isaiah employs prophetic images for the covenant-breaking idolatry and worship of other gods by adultery and illicit sexual intercourse. It is clear that Isaiah is not exclusively interested in the interpersonal and social relationship structures within Israel. He is also concerned with the broader canvas of international politics.

Intellectual people in Ahmad Tohari "Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air" (Antonio Gramchi's Hegemony Approach". The aims of the study is to describe the elements of hegemony's power achievement, namely intellectual community in novel "Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air" by Ahmad Tohari. This study uses a sociological approach and Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory. This study used qualitative descriptive method in analyzing the data. The result shows that the elements of intellectual power hegemony in novel "Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air" by Ahmad Tohari illustrate the hegemony power of government and army in the from of hegemony power of traditional intellectuals and organic intellectuals

Disability groups are groups vulnerable to disaster risk. Most families with disabilities feel worried about defending themselves in the event of a disaster. They are less socialized with disaster mitigation efforts. This research has provided an overview of the preparedness of families with disabilities children in increasing disaster resilience. Analytical research was conducted on families with disabilities children in the city of Padang. Data collection tools in this study used a standard questionnaire from LIPI-UNESCO / ISDR. The data were processed by a computer and analyzed using multiple regression statistical tests. The results showed the preparedness of Families With Disabilities Children in the face of disasters; it was seen that the knowledge category was ready (42.2%), the preparedness plan category was not ready (37.8%), the disaster warning category was not ready (46.7%), the resource mobilization category was not ready, ready (82.2%), the tsunami disaster preparedness index value is 57% (ready category). This research recommended local governments must provide special treatment for people with disabilities by increasing training, seminars, and disaster simulations.

The inequity of benefits among actors in the Indonesian patchouli value chain has been taking place for decades. This phenomenon has made distillers unable to guarantee the patchouli oil quality, one of the essential things in the global market. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of modernization of distillation units and applications of a nonlinear return on investment (ROI) equity model to the financial performance of actors in the value chain to help the government together with the actors making the correct decisions and policies in the development of patchouli oil business. The study was done in the Gayo Lues District, Aceh, Indonesia. The findings indicate that the distillers get the least benefits (the lowest ROI) among actors in the Gayo Lues value chain. Moreover, modernization of the distillation units can increase the ROIs of the actors in the value chain. But, to observe how to establish equity among the actors, a nonlinear ROI equity model was developed. To make ROIs of the actors equal, outputs of the model recommend that the ideal patchouli oil share ratio between farmers and distillers is around 3.3 – 3.4: 1. Outputs of the model also suggest that both net gross and profits per kg of medium middlemen should be increased, while both net and gross profits per kg of large middlemen should be decreased.