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AbstractThis paper examines the changes in the structure of markets and marketing practices in China since the economic reforms of 1978. These changes are then framed against the backdrop of the economic system under Mao. In doing so, the importance of examining markets and marketing practices is highlighted within the larger context of socio‐cultural and political forces. This is particularly significant given the recent political upheavals in China. Although the marketing process is primarily economic in nature, it cannot be understood out of this context. The current events in China bring into question the viability of the construct of "market socia1ism" not only in the context of China hut in other socialist countries as well. It is only within such a framework that changes in product design and policy, competition, retail structure, consumer protection, and marketing communication can be understood. Finally, the implications of China's experiment with western business and a few speculative observations regarding the future of business in China are identified.RésuméL'auteure se penche sur les changements dans la structure des marchés et les pratiques commerciales survenus en Chine depuis les réformes économiques de 1978, avec pour toile de fond le système économique en vigueur sous Mao. Ce faisant, elle souligne l'importance d'examiner les marchés et les pratiques commerciales dans un contexte socioculturel et politique. Cette vision globale s'avère particulièrement pertinente à la lumière des récents soulèvements politiques en Chine. Bien que le phénomène de marché soit d'abord un phénomène de nature économique, il est impossible de le comprendre en dehors d'un contexte plus global. Les événements récents de Chine viennent remettre en cause la viabilité de la construction d'un "socialisme de marché", non seulement dans ce pays mais également dans les autres pays socialistes. C'est seulement dans ce cadre que peuvent s'expliquer les changements relatifs à la création de produits et à la politique de produits, à la concurrence, à la structure du commerce de détail, à la protection des consommateurs et aux techniques de communication commerciale. Enfin, l'auteure se penche sur les conséquences du nouvel intérêt de la Chine pour l'économie de marché et se livre à un certain nombre de spéculations à propos de l'avenir de celle‐ci dans ce pays.

AbstractLeading luxury brands have incorporated technologies to recreate brand images and reinvent consumer experience. The fashion industry is experiencing a historic transformation thanks to emerging technologies such as blockchain and non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) along with impactful technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and virtual reality (VR). With metaverse as a new social platform around the corner, academics and industry alike are querying how these new technologies might reshape luxury brands, reinvent consumer experience, and alter consumer behavior. This research charts new academic territory by investigating how newly evolved technologies affect the fashion industry. With practical examples of luxury brands, this article has theorized the irreversible trend of digital fashion: the attraction of NFT collectibles. It then proposes intriguing questions for scholars and practitioners to ponder, such as will young consumers, essentially living online, buy more fashion products in the digital world than in the real world? How can the fashion industry strategize for the coexistence of digital collections and physical goods?

AbstractThis paper addresses some conceptual and measurement issues related to the study of ethnicity and its impact on consumer behaviour. It first reviews the concept of ethnicity and delineates its important characteristics. Next, a measurement assessment is made on six ethnicity indicators based on these characteristics. The final section discusses implications of the findings for the future research involving the measurement of ethnicity.RésuméCet article soulève plusieurs questions de nature con‐ceptuelle et méthodologique concernant la recherche sur l'ethnisme et son influence sur le comportement du con‐sommateur. En premier lieu, il examine le construit d'ethnisme et définit ses principales caractéristiques. Ensuite, sur la base de ces caractéristiques, six indica‐teurs de l'ethnisme sont développés et évalués en termes de fiabilité et validité. L'article conclut par une discussion des implications des résultats pour la mesure de l'ethnisme.

Abstract
Like homes, neighborhoods, and cities, retail locations offer significant opportunities for attachment far from domestic spheres. In commercial settings, consumers construct personal geographies, and find stable references for their lives. Our work advances previous consumer research by showing how these relationalities are situated, implicitly unstable and often impermanent. Individuals attach to commercial spaces in multiple ways, through both immediate and slow processes. We theorize that multiple affordances of spaces—whether sensual, symbolic, or cerebral—trigger meaningful ties, stimulate new affective and practice repertoires and may exert a transformative power in personal biographies. Bonds evolve in tandem with individuals' life courses and are also impacted by events beyond consumers' control, such as store closures. Whether disruptive or constructive, detachments can precipitate constructive change, allowing individuals to mobilize the emotional and cognitive resources at the base of their affective bond with treasured places, and redirect these assets more effectively. Forced and voluntary detachment from retail spaces are thus interpreted as integral and complementary components of attachment.