An introduction to comparative criminal justice research -- The English cultural heritage and government system -- English criminal law -- The English crime problem -- The history and organization of the police -- The modern english police -- The criminal courts, judges, and lawyers -- The court process -- The development of confinement and corrections in England -- The organization and operations of corrections -- Terrorism (new chapter) -- Juvenile justice in England (new chapter) -- Conclusion
Religious legalism encompasses a wide range of attitudes that assign religious meaning to legal content or to legal compliance. The phenomenology of religious legalism is assuming a significant role in various contemporary debates about legal pluralism, accommodation of religious minorities, religious freedom, and so forth. This article revises this conception and the commonplace equation of Judaism and legalism. It suggests that we ought to regard both as part of the economy of religious differences by which religious identities are expressed and defined as alternatives. The common ascription of religious legalism to Judaism (and Islam) is criticized here through a historical analysis of the law-religion-identity matrix in three cultural settings: late ancient Judeo-Hellenic, medieval Judeo–Arabic, and post-Reformation Europe.
Hopes the conduct of his son (William Edings) is good; allow his son to visit friends during the vacation. ; Transcription by Joseph Byrne. Transcriptions may be subject to error. Writer's residence noted as Edingsville.
His son, William Edings, returns to the Academy; also sends another son (Benjamin Edings) to the Academy; discusses expenses. ; Transcription by Joseph Byrne. Transcriptions may be subject to error.
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on the determinant factors of government budget balance forecast errors for Eurozone countries based on four different database sources from 1998 to 2011.Design/methodology/approach– Besides the analysis on quality and efficiency of government budget balance projections, panel data analysis is made from different methods taking into account economic, political, institutional and governance factors, and lagged forecast errors for estimations of budget balance forecast errors.Findings– The results show that even with the concern and pressure due to the fiscal crisis in the Eurozone, the bias in fiscal forecasts remains.Originality/value– One contribution of this paper, in comparison to other studies, is the use of longer time periods for the analysis of forecast errors as well as the employment of different data sources for detecting systematic patterns of errors, and the use of various estimation methods for the fiscal forecast error determinants, which gives insights into the reliability and robustness of results obtained in earlier studies. In particular, the introduction of variables such as fiscal council and fiscal rules allows one to check whether institutional behavior may change the effect from debt on fiscal forecast errors.
