Suchergebnisse

This article provides an outline of the network of universities where Catalan is taught outside the Catalan-speaking territories. This network is coordinated and managed by the Institut Ramon Llull, the public body created by the governments of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands and the city of Barcelona with the mission to promote the Catalan language and culture abroad. It consists of 145 universities in 28 countries, of which 87 universities receive funding from the IRL. The article describes the main characteristics and activities of this network, defines the value it creates for the various stakeholders that participate in it, and outlines its main objectives and projects for the immediate future.

The execution of anarchist militant Salvador Puig Antich in 1974 was one of the most important events in the final years of Franco's dictatorship. It gave rise to an enormous political mobilisation in Catalonia and throughout Europe, and acquired a crucial symbolic status in Catalan democratic culture, with Puig Antich as a myth of anti-Franco resistance. Manuel Huerga's biopic Salvador (Puig Antich) (2006) presents a deeply engaging narrative of these events. The film, a manifestation of the drive towards so-called 'recuperació de la memòria històrica' in the last two decades, was widely acclaimed by audiences and critics alike, but also attacked for its sentimental, depoliticised presentation of the figure of the anarchist militant. ; L'execució del militant anarquista Salvador Puig Antich el 1974 va ser un dels esdeveniments més importants dels últims anys de la dictadura franquista. Va donar lloc a una enorme mobilització política a Catalunya, i va adquirir un estatus simbòlic crucial en la cultura democràtica catalana, en la qual Puig Antich figura com a mite de la resistència antifranquista. La pel·lícula Salvador (2006), de Manuel Huerga, presenta un relat profundament emotiu d'aquests fets. La pel·lícula, una manifestació de l'impuls cap a l'anomenada "recuperació de la memòria històrica" de les darreres dues dècades, ha estat molt ben rebuda per la crítica, però també atacada per la seva presentació sentimental i despolititzada de la figura del militant anarquista. Què hi ha en joc en la revisió ficcional de Puig Antich? Aquest article analitza els usos del passat a Salvador de Manuel Huerga, tot examinant els antagonismes socials que tracta la pel·lícula i les menes de consens que intenta construir.

This article presents a new chronological and functional interpretation for the Late Roman building of Centcelles (Tarraco), which hinges on an archaeological and architectural analysis of the building, according to the historical and archaeological context of the period. The arguments presented allow one to date the building in the first half of the 5th century, and to identify it as the central area of a Late Roman military camp located next to the urban centre of Tarraco, the city that appears in written sources as being the base for the Imperial armies which tried to reintegrate the whole Hispania to the legitimate power in the West during most of the 5th century. We have at our disposal an exceptional document for the period: Consentius' Epistle 11, thanks to which we know about the comes Hispaniarum Asterius staying in Tarraco ca. 420 and his residence, the praetorium, where he himself lived together with his daughter and the army which went with him to the campaign. We propose to identify Centcelles with the military base of Asterius and the army in Tarraco. We also put forward some preliminary considerations regarding the decoration of the domed room, still in progress, in accordance with the new function and chronology. ; Se presenta una nueva propuesta de interpretación cronológica y funcional para el edificio tardorromano de Centcelles (Tarraco), que descansa en el análisis arqueológico y arquitectónico del edificio, de acuerdo con el contexto histórico–arqueológico del período. Los argumentos aportados nos llevan a datar el edificio en la primera mitad del siglo V y a identificarlo como el área central de un campamento tardío emplazado junto al núcleo urbano de Tarraco, ciudad que aparece mencionada en los textos como la base de operaciones de los ejércitos imperiales que durante buena parte del siglo V intentaron reintegrar el conjunto de Hispania al poder legítimo de Occidente. Contamos para este período con un documento excepcional, la Epístola 11 de Consencio, donde se nos informa de la presencia en Tarraco, hacia el año 420, del comes Hispaniarum Asterio y su residencia, el praetorium, donde vivía con su hija y el ejército que le acompañaba en la campaña. Nuestra propuesta plantea identificar Centcelles con el campamento base de Asterio y su ejército en Tarraco. Se presentan, también, algunas consideraciones preliminares sobre la decoración de la sala de la cúpula de acuerdo con la nueva función y cronología, todavía en un estadio incipiente de desarrollo.

Due to the increasing need for a more sustainable environment, the study of waste management strategies is increasing worldwide. Pneumatic urban waste collection is an alternative to the conventional truck collection, especially in urban areas, where there is a need of reducing traffic and its pollution. LCA is a methodology that can help in the evaluation of the environmental impact of any process or product; therefore, this study, based on the methodologies ISO 14040 and from the cradle to the grave, compares different waste collection systems in an airport. The results show that the pneumatic collection system with the innovative AutoWaste compact central unit can reduce the annual flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for 30 years and per ton) up to 25% compared to a pneumatic collection system with a conventional central. ; This work received the financial support of the Doctorat Industrial grant (2020 DI 5) from the AGAUR of the Secretaria de Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. The authors would like to thank the following companies for providing the real data used in this study: Urban Refuse Development, S.A.

Hospital wastewater is commonly polluted with high loads of pharmaceutically active compounds, which pass through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and end up in water bodies, posing ecological and health risks. White-rot fungal treatments can cope with the elimination of a wide variety of micropollutants while remaining ecologically and economically attractive. Unfortunately, bacterial contamination has impeded so far a successful implementation of fungal treatment for real applications. ; This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CTM 2013–48545-C2) and partly supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2017-SGR-14, 2017SGR-1404, 2017-SGR-1124 and 2017-SGR-1762) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The Department of Chemical Engineering of UAB is member of the Xarxa de Referència en Biotecnologia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. S. Rodriguez-Mozaz acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2014-16707). J. A. Mir-Tutusaus and E. Parladé acknowledge the predoctoral grants from UAB. ; Peer reviewed

Background Hospital wastewater is commonly polluted with high loads of pharmaceutically active compounds, which pass through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and end up in water bodies, posing ecological and health risks. White-rot fungal treatments can cope with the elimination of a wide variety of micropollutants while remaining ecologically and economically attractive. Unfortunately, bacterial contamination has impeded so far a successful implementation of fungal treatment for real applications. Results This work embodied a 91-day long-term robust continuous fungal operation treating real non-sterile hospital wastewater in an air pulsed fluidized bed bioreactor retaining the biomass. The hydraulic retention time was 3 days and the ageing of the biomass was avoided through partial periodic biomass renovation resulting in a cellular retention time of 21 days. Evolution of microbial community and Trametes abundance were evaluated. Conclusions The operation was able to maintain an average pharmaceutical load removal of over 70% while keeping the white-rot fungus active and predominant through the operation ; This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CTM 2013–48545-C2) and partly supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2017-SGR-14, 2017SGR-1404, 2017-SGR-1124 and 2017-SGR-1762) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) initiated a procedure for the evaluation of data supporting the necessity of the application of insecticide active substances to control a serious danger to plant health within the context of Article 4(7) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. EFSA established an ad hoc working group (WG) who proposed a methodology for conducting this type of evaluation. The draft protocol was circulated among European Union Member States (MS) for commenting. The aim of this protocol is to enable a consistent and transparent evaluation of submissions made by applicants in accordance with the derogation detailed in Article 4(7) of Regulation (EU) No 1107/2009 to confirm the lack of other available means capable of controlling an identified serious danger to plant health. All the evaluations are made for each specific crop/pest combination separately for which a derogation is requested. Usually, derogation for the use of an insecticide active substance is not scientifically supported if an alternative control programme not requiring the application of an insecticide can manage the specific crop/pest combination under consideration, or if another active substance with the same mode of action (IRAC) as the active substance under consideration is available. If these conditions are not verified, the process moves to the evaluation of: 1) the risk of resistance associated to the different mode of action of all active substances that are authorised in the MS; 2) the risk of resistance associated to the different pests; 3) the availability of non-insecticide alternatives.