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The Global War on Terrorism has increased the demands placed on military members. The increased rate of deployments, coupled with the reduction in resources, has military leaders concerned that these changing demands will cause undue strain, adversely affecting the military member's quality of life. This research tests the effects of active duty military deployments on homestation job stressors and burnout. Pre- and post- deployment surveys were administered to test for any significant changes that resulted from a deployment. A group of non-deploying members was also measured during the same time frame to serve as the control group. Results showed that deployments resulted in increased levels of two facets of job satisfaction and decreased levels of role conflict, emotional exhaustion, and burnout. The only significant change noted by the control group was a decrease in the level of organizational commitment. Therefore, despite the fact that military deployments can be extremely stressful themselves, they do offer some beneficial effects to military members upon return to their homestation environment. On the other hand, those who do not get a "break" from the everyday work environment either stay the same or show less desirable levels of job stress and burnout.

AbstractEach of a collection of items are to be produced on two machines (or stages). Each machine can handle only one item at a time and each item must be processed through machine one and then through machine two. The setup time plus work time for each item for each machine is known. A simple decision rule is obtained in this paper for the optimal scheduling of the production so that the total elapsed time is a minimum. A three‐machine problem is also discussed and solved for a restricted case.

This letter highlights the critical issue of sedentary lifestyles among preclinical and paraclinical doctors in India, which poses significant health risks that are often overlooked. This manuscript reviews research demonstrating the links between prolonged sitting and increased risks of cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, mental health issues, and impaired cognitive function in this population. The COVID-19 pandemic is also discussed as a factor that may have exacerbated sedentary behavior. The letter calls for Indian medical institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders to urgently implement strategies to promote healthier work environments for preclinical and paraclinical doctors, including active workstations, structured activity breaks, tailored wellness programs, and educational campaigns. Advocating for policy changes and further research in this area are also emphasized as key priorities to address this overlooked occupational health concern and improve the well-being of these essential members of India's medical academic community.

This submission highlights the importance of ethical, social and political dimensions to the challenges and opportunities outlined in the UK Biological Security Strategy (2018). Specifically, it aims to enhance understanding of the following three areas of acknowledged importance: international partnerships; public trust; and private sector involvement.

THE SMALL FIRM IS INCREASINGLY VIEWED BY GOVERNMENTS THROUGHOUT THE WESTERN WORLD AS A MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW JOBS. THE NEW FIRM IS THE PARTICULAR FOCUS OF ATTENTION BY POLICY-MAKERS SINCE IT IS VIEWED AS BOTH THE DYNAMIC COMPONENT OF THE SMALL FIRM SECTOR AND ONE WHICH IS AMENABLE TO PUBLIC POLICY. IT IS DEMONSTRATED IN THIS PAPER THAT SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EXIST BETWEEN U.K. REGIONS IN TERMS OF SOME ASPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, WHICH IS DEFINED TO BE PARTLY REFLECTED IN DIFFERENCES IN BIRTH RATES OF NEW FIRMS. THE AUTHORS CONTEND THAT SINCE THE CURRENTLY PROSPEROUS REGIONS ARE THE MOST ENTREPRENEURIAL, EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY EXPLICIT PUBLIC POLICY TO PROMOTE SMALL FIRMS, THEN THE HIGHER THE PROPORTION OF ALL NEW JOBS WHICH ARE CREATED BY THE NEW AND SMALL FIRM SECTOR THE GREATER WILL BE THE GAP BETWEEN THE PROSPEROUS AND THE LESS PROSPEROUS REGIONS. HOWEVER, SINCE THERE IS AN INCREASINGLY ACTIVE PUBLIC POLICY DESIGNED TO CREATE JOBS IN THE SMALL FIRM SECTOR WHICH DOES NOT HAVE ANY EXPLICIT REGIONAL DIMENSION, THE PAPER SHOWS THAT CURRENT POLICY INITIATIVES SERVE TO REINFORCE EXISTING DIFFERENCES. IN SHORT SMALL FIRM POLICY INSTRUMENTS ARE REGIONALLY DIVISIVE.

A multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach is employed to identify principal ecosystems and natural resources in the U.S. Great Plains that are at risk and that should receive priority for protection. The authors are drawn from a variety of disciplines and approaches, their ideas being presented as a pooling or harvest, rather than as a consensus. The 25 chapters provide background and in-depth discussion of multiple issues/problems related to Great Plains stewardship for future generations. The status and trends of major resources of the Great Plains within an historical, ecological and management framework are categorized according to common goals across the disciplines and can be used to make recommendations for public policy, research and development, and institutions. The challenge for residents of the Great Plains is to merge multiple ecosystem concepts to improve the environment and to improve economic vitality