The contemporary study of sexuality too often finds itself at an impasse, conceptualizing sexuality either psychologically or sociologically: sexologists and psychologists have tended to point to the biological origins of sexuality underpinned by hormones, drives and, most recently, genetics; in contrast, historians and sociologists point to the social field as the defining force that shapes the meanings given to sexuality and sexual experience. Confronting the limitations and challenges this impasse poses, Katherine Johnson argues for a psychosocial approach that rethinks the relationship b
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In: Sociology of race and ethnicity: the journal of the Racial and Ethnic Minorities Section of the American Sociological Association, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 521-536
Stereotypes surrounding multiracial individuals include being viewed as inherently attractive because of their mixed-race background, and, therefore, having a superiority complex, which reinforces racial hierarchies and creates division and tension within communities of color. This superiority complex is often rooted in colorism and proximity to White beauty standards. Drawing upon in-depth, semistructured interviews with 19 sets of interracial parents in the United States, I describe parents' awareness and perceptions of these stereotypes at the intersection of race and gender. Parents understand that their Black multiracial boys must contend with both multiracial stereotypes and controlling images of Black men and boys. I argue that parents' understanding of both multiracial stereotypes, like the Biracial Beauty Stereotype, and controlling images of Black boys and men informs their racial socialization practices as they help their child(ren) build a positive racial identity and prepare for discrimination.
U.S. multiracial families are paradoxically regarded as representatives of a post-racial ideal and as anomalies that challenge assumptions. Here, Black-White couples discuss the pressures they feel to "perform" family when facing racial surveillance and erasure.
AbstractObjectiveThrough qualitative in‐depth interviews with interracial parents across the United States, this study explores how multiracial families as a unit experience monoracism via racial surveillance, voyeurism, and dissection.BackgroundDespite increasing representations of mixed‐race families in various media, studies find that many people in the United States assume that family members should phenotypically resemble each other and also represent one obvious racial category. Interracial partners and multiracial families experience the paradox of being both the "ideal" family in a post‐racial US society, but also an anomalous family that challenges assumptions about what family is. This study examines two broad research questions: (1) How do interracial parents and their multiracial families experience racism and/or other forms of discrimination? (2) How do families make sense of and respond to these experiences?MethodThis study utilized qualitative in‐depth interviews with 19 sets of interracial parents, or 38 individuals, in the US Black‐White, Asian‐White, and Black‐Asian families are included in the sample.ResultsInterracial parents in this study discussed experiencing racial dissection, surveillance, and voyeurism in their daily lives, which the author identified as mechanisms of monoracism. Monoracism, typically studied as an experience of multiracial people, is a form of oppression that targets those who do not fit into one racial category. However, monoracism also impacts multiracial family units. As a result, multiracial families were often prepared to prove their familial bonds, such as through birth certificates, or altered their behavior in public as a means of "performing" family in more obvious ways.ConclusionThrough a MultiCrit lens, this study reveals how interracial parents and their children experience monoracism. This study extends previous scholarship by exploring how multiracial families as a unit experience and navigate monoracism in their daily lives.
In: Sociology of race and ethnicity: the journal of the Racial and Ethnic Minorities Section of the American Sociological Association, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 420-421
This article explores how transsexual men and women talk about shifts in self-perceptions and embodiment. Often there are remarkable changes in transsexual people's fleshy physicality that affect not only how their gendered bodies are perceived but also how they experience themselves as embodied subjects. Yet despite the advances of medical science and a growing investment in new bodily technologies, the author argues that the transsexual body cannot be seen as entirely malleable, because it is often marked by previous physical features and cultural bodily practices that are difficult to shake off. This is particularly the case for male-to-female transsexuals, because the markers of masculinity appear harder to escape. Thus, in a move toward a theory of embodied subjectivity, the author argues that transitions in a sense of gendered subjectivity are intrinsically tied to and inseparable from shifts in gendered embodiment.
In 1978 the world's first "test-tube baby" was born from in vitro fertilization (IVF), effectively ushering in a paradigm shift for infertility treatment that relied on partially disembodied human reproduction. Beyond IVF, the ability to extract, fertilize, and store reproductive cells outside of the human body has created new opportunities for family building, but also prompted new conflicts about rights to and control over reproductive cells. In collaborative forms of reproduction that build on IVF technologies, such as egg and embryo donation and gestational surrogacy, multiple women may variously contribute to conception, gestation/birth, and the legal and social responsibilities for rearing a child, creating intentionally fragmented maternities. Undoing Motherhood examines the implications of such fragmented maternities in the post-IVF reproductive era for generating maternity uncertainty—an increasing cultural ambiguity about what does and should constitute maternity. Undoing Motherhood explores this uncertainty in the social worlds of reproductive medicine and law
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This case provides an overview of the strengths and challenges associated with online survey design, through the lens of a specific project examining the ways in which community colleges in the United States are engaged in training frontline public health professionals. In 2014, I conducted an online (web-based) survey of a U.S. audience of community college leaders working in health professions education. Because there was little prior research in this particular area, the aims of the survey were largely exploratory and provided an opportunity to better understand the work of community colleges and the perspectives of those engaged in training health professionals. In the following case, I highlight the key phases of this project and reflect on the role of online surveys as a means of primary data collection.