Suchergebnisse

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method as a Lagrangian method is attracting increasing attention in severe accident analysis. In this paper, we developed an MPS code for the corium behavior analysis with several additional models added: an improved heat transfer model to improve the calculation between different materials, an enthalpy-based viscosity model to realize a smooth transition of viscosity at the solid-liquid interface, and a surface tension model for better simulation of surface shape. Validation of the developed simulation approach is carried out on a classical water column collapse example. The development of the heat transfer model is validated by the example of a one-dimensional semi-infinite plate. A comprehensive example of the melting of "Wood's alloy" is carried out to verify the capacity of MPS method in the simulation of melting and expansion. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that MPS method promises well in the field of severe accidents.

In China, the prevalence of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age has declined significantly during recent decades. However, noticeable gaps exist between rural and urban areas. Since 2012, a government‐funded nutrition programme, Ying Yang Bao (YYB; soybean powder‐based iron‐rich supplement) programme, has been implemented in poor rural areas to decrease the risk of developing anaemia among children aged 6–23 months, but there are still inadequate health care awareness, feeding knowledge and skills among caregivers. From June 2018 to December 2020, a child health counselling intervention was delivered through a home visit based on the YYB programme in Liangshan. Child health messages were given by trained village child health assistants while distributing YYB. Surveys were conducted before and after the intervention to analyse changes in child health check‐up frequency, complementary feeding practice and prevalence of undernutrition. After the intervention, the proportion of children who had regular health check‐ups, who were vaccinated and who met the minimum YYB consumption significantly increased from 26.0%, 81.6%, and 67.8% to 59.7%, 95.0%, and 79.2%. Increased rates of IYCF indicators (introduction of solid, semisolid, or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity and consumption of iron‐rich or iron‐fortified foods) were observed after the intervention. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and anaemia significantly decreased from 26.3% to 10.8%, 13.4% to 8.7%, 14.0% to 10.5%, and 52.1% to 43.9%. This intervention can be well integrated into the YYB programme with less additional resources. Children in resource‐limited areas will benefit more from a comprehensive nutritional package, including food supplements and child health education.