Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis study discusses the role of firm risk in the declining labour share in China. Based on the model developed by Holmström and Milgrom (1987), the authors demonstrate that lower firm risk can motivate workers to work harder, leading to higher output per worker and average wage. However, increased output will lower the labour share. Using data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database for the period 1998–2007 and the World Bank's Investment Climate Survey 2005, empirical evidence supports this hypothesis and performs robustly across various model specifications and proxies for firm risk, indicating a positive correlation between labour share and firm risk.

ResumenEste estudio analiza el papel del riesgo empresarial en la disminución de la participación del trabajo en China. A partir del modelo desarrollado por Holmström y Milgrom (1987), los autores muestran que un menor riesgo empresarial puede motivar a los trabajadores a trabajar más, aumentando el producto por trabajador y el salario medio, pero el incremento de la producción reducirá la participación del trabajo. Utilizando la base de datos sobre empresas industriales chinas para el periodo 1998‐2007 y la encuesta sobre clima de inversión del Banco Mundial de 2005, obtienen evidencia robusta de una correlación positiva entre la participación del trabajo y el riesgo empresarial.

RésuméLes auteurs examinent la relation entre risque d'entreprise et déclin de la part du travail en Chine. Partant du modèle d'Holmström et Milgrom (1987), ils montrent qu'un risque d'entreprise moindre motiverait les travailleurs à travailler plus intensément, ce qui augmenterait le produit par tête et le salaire moyen. Toutefois l'augmentation du produit peut faire baisser la part du travail. Une étude empirique, fondée sur la CIED, base de données des entreprises industrielles chinoises, (1998‐2007), et sur l'enquête de la Banque mondiale sur le climat de l'investissement (2005), confirme cette hypothèse d'une corrélation positive entre part du travail et risque d'entreprise.

AbstractContinuous cropping obstacles are significant factors that limit the yield and quality of tobacco. Thus, the selection and breeding of varieties is a crucial strategy for mitigating these challenges. However, the effects and mechanisms by which different tobacco varieties influence the structural composition of soil microbial remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a field experiment involving five tobacco varieties (K326, K394, XL, Y87, and Y97) and two types of soil (continuous cropping obstacle soil and normal soil). We examined microbial responses to different tobacco varieties in each soil type. Our results revealed that soil available nutrients and organic matter were decreased in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The fresh biomass decreased by 18.05–27.92% in obstacle soil (except K394 and Y97). The microbial community composition in the rhizosphere soil remained consistent in various tobacco varieties in obstacle soil. The connections between soil fertility nutrients and microbial communities were reduced in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The alteration of bacterial community composition was a stochastic process, whereas the modification of fungal community composition was a deterministic process in obstacle soil. Furthermore, the abundance of differential fungi (Zoopagomycota) was notably higher in obstacle soil. Overall, our results revealed that the disturbance of microbial communities and soil degradation in the obstacle soil are primary factors contributing to reduced crop yields. Therefore, it is an economical strategy for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles by utilizing rhizosphere microecology through multi-variety planting.