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AbstractThis article is both a response to criticism of some of the aurhor's work on Abstract the relevance of labeling to adolescent self‐conceptions and an attempt to reconcile divergent findings. Through a reanalysis of the data under question, it was found that both official labeling and self‐reporred delinquency are related to delinquent self‐images but that self‐reported delinquency is more closely associated with such images than official labels. In an effort to reconcile divergent findings, there was some indication in the data that the impact of official labeling may vary depending on the extent of involvement in delinquency. The most pressing task regarding this issue is further study of the variable meaning of labels and sanctions in different sociocultural and group contexts.

Abstract Age differences in rule‐breaking have been widely noted and widely explained, but rarely if ever have sociological explanations been subjected to actual test. This study examines such age differences among women in prison and lends support to the notion that age differences are more characteristic of inmates with urban backgrounds than of inmates with rural or small town backgrounds. Moreover, among urban inmates age differences appear to be due to age‐related normative orientations and commitments rather than age "itself" or related losses of "energy,""daring," or "vigor." Finally, the study supports recurring arguments that non‐constitutional characteristics of inmates can shape normative and behavioral conflict within the prison.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editors' Introduction -- 1. "Taking Social Learning Global": Micro-Macro Transitions in Criminological Theory -- 2. Substance Use by Korean Adolescents: A Cross-Cultural Test of Social Learning, Social Bonding, and Self-Control Theories -- 3. Explaining Delinquency in Taiwan: A Test of Social Learning Theory -- 4. "Who's It Gonna Be-You or Me?" The Potential of Social Learning for Integrated Homicide-Suicide Theory -- 5. Social Learning Theory and Courtship Violence: An Empirical Test -- 6. Delinquency and Depression: A Gendered Role-Taking and Social Learning Perspective -- 7. Gender Variation in Delinquency: Self-Images, Beliefs, and Peers as Mediating Mechanisms -- 8. Social Structure-Social Learning (SSSL) and Binge Drinking: A Specific Test of an Integrated General Theory -- 9. Occupational Structure, Social Learning, and Adolescent Violence -- 10. Confessions of a Dying Thief: A Tutorial on Differential Association -- 11. Exploring the Relationship between Social and Non-Social Reinforcement in the Context of Social Learning Theory -- 12. Theory-Mapping in Social Research: An Application to Social Learning Theory -- 13. Development of Antisocial Behavior and Crime across the Life-Span from a Social Interactional Perspective: The Coercion Model -- 14. What Correctional Treatment Can Tell Us about Criminological Theory: Implications for Social Learning Theory -- Contributors -- Subject Index -- Name Index

This article explores interpretations of the UCR‐NCS disparity in rape rates within the context of recent debates and research about the UCR‐NCS relationship. Analysis of a variety of survey, organizational, and employee data together with UCR and NCS crime data yields a pattern of findings that makes sense if two assumptions are made: Downward trends in NCS data are an approximation of trends in the real rate of rape, and upward trends in UCR data are primarily a product of changes in the management of rape cases. The common attribution of disparities between UCR and NCS rape data to changes in public or victim reporting receives little support when compared with explanations stressing organizational change. Upward movement in official attention to rape could, in fact, account for downward movement in NCS rape rates. The implications of recent NCS efforts to improve the official measurement of rape for the future behavior of rape statistics are also considered.