Suchergebnisse

The European Union aims to reduce its carbon emission by up to 80% until 2050. To reach this objective, a possible way consists in injecting hydrogen - produced from renewable energy - into the natural gas network, at a concentration of up to 20%. But hydrogen is more easily ignitable than natural gas. Therefore, use of such a hydrogen/natural gas blend in the existing natural gas network shall be carefully assessed. Especially, are the equipment already used in the natural gas network compatible with this type of blends? The applicable standard for classification of ignition sensitivity prescribes a classification of such hydrogen/methane blends in the same group as the natural gas for a concentration of hydrogen up to 25%. To investigate this issue, Ineris experimentally determined the Minimum Ignition Current (MIC) of hydrogen/methane blends, containing from 2% to 20% of hydrogen. The MIC is one of the two parameters used to classify a gas in its ignition sensibility group. This work demonstrates the need of a modification of the classification criteria defined in the applicable standard. ; A la suite de l'adoption du paquet Énergie- Climat 2030 en octobre 2014, l'Union européenne s'est fixé des objectifs ambitieux de diminution de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre : • 40 % d'ici à 2030, • 80 % en 2050, • zéro émission nette en 2100. L'atteinte de ces objectifs implique la mise en oeuvre d'une véritable transition énergétique. Le procédé « Power-to-Gas » pourrait contribuer à cette transition. Il consiste à transformer l'énergie électrique en gaz (hydrogène ou méthane), afin de la stocker dans un objectif de recours croissant à des énergies renouvelables. Ainsi, dans les périodes de production excédentaire, l'électricité renouvelable est stockée sous forme de gaz, et peut donc être utilisée à tout moment. Le gaz ainsi généré peut être consommé de plusieurs façons. L'une d'entre elles consiste à injecter l'hydrogène obtenu directement dans le réseau de gaz naturel, jusqu'à une concentration de 20 %. ...

The European Union aims to reduce its carbon emission by up to 80% until 2050. To reach this objective, a possible way consists in injecting hydrogen - produced from renewable energy - into the natural gas network, at a concentration of up to 20%. But hydrogen is more easily ignitable than natural gas. Therefore, use of such a hydrogen/natural gas blend in the existing natural gas network shall be carefully assessed. Especially, are the equipment already used in the natural gas network compatible with this type of blends? The applicable standard for classification of ignition sensitivity prescribes a classification of such hydrogen/methane blends in the same group as the natural gas for a concentration of hydrogen up to 25%. To investigate this issue, Ineris experimentally determined the Minimum Ignition Current (MIC) of hydrogen/methane blends, containing from 2% to 20% of hydrogen. The MIC is one of the two parameters used to classify a gas in its ignition sensibility group. This work demonstrates the need of a modification of the classification criteria defined in the applicable standard. ; A la suite de l'adoption du paquet Énergie- Climat 2030 en octobre 2014, l'Union européenne s'est fixé des objectifs ambitieux de diminution de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre : • 40 % d'ici à 2030, • 80 % en 2050, • zéro émission nette en 2100. L'atteinte de ces objectifs implique la mise en oeuvre d'une véritable transition énergétique. Le procédé « Power-to-Gas » pourrait contribuer à cette transition. Il consiste à transformer l'énergie électrique en gaz (hydrogène ou méthane), afin de la stocker dans un objectif de recours croissant à des énergies renouvelables. Ainsi, dans les périodes de production excédentaire, l'électricité renouvelable est stockée sous forme de gaz, et peut donc être utilisée à tout moment. Le gaz ainsi généré peut être consommé de plusieurs façons. L'une d'entre elles consiste à injecter l'hydrogène obtenu directement dans le réseau de gaz naturel, jusqu'à une concentration de 20 %. L'hydrogène est un gaz bien plus facilement inflammable que le gaz naturel. L'ajout d'hydrogène dans le réseau de gaz naturel traditionnel soulève donc des questions relatives à la sécurité. En particulier, les équipements électriques déjà installés sur le réseau de gaz naturel en zone ATEX sont-ils compatibles avec la mise en oeuvre de ce mélange ?

International audience ; Biodiesel and any co-products or intermediate chemicals produced and used from the biodiesel industry fall under the scope of the regulation related to chemical substances. Today, there are approximately 120 plants in the EU producing annually up to 6,100,000 tonnes of biodiesel, mainly located in Germany, Italy, Austria, France and Sweden. The criteria and methods for classification of physical hazards of substances and preparations used so far in the European Union were defined since 1967 in 67/548/EEC Directive so called "substances Directive" and in 1999/45/EC Directive, dealing with preparations. The European regulation 1272/2008 so called 'CLP - Classification, Packaging and Labelling' came into force on 2009 and introduced new rules on classification and labelling for substances and mixtures (hazard categorisation, labelling, MSDS .). The impact of these new rules on the biodiesel and co-products is specifically investigated.

International audience ; Biodiesel and any co-products or intermediate chemicals produced and used from the biodiesel industry fall under the scope of the regulation related to chemical substances. Today, there are approximately 120 plants in the EU producing annually up to 6,100,000 tonnes of biodiesel, mainly located in Germany, Italy, Austria, France and Sweden. The criteria and methods for classification of physical hazards of substances and preparations used so far in the European Union were defined since 1967 in 67/548/EEC Directive so called "substances Directive" and in 1999/45/EC Directive, dealing with preparations. The European regulation 1272/2008 so called 'CLP - Classification, Packaging and Labelling' came into force on 2009 and introduced new rules on classification and labelling for substances and mixtures (hazard categorisation, labelling, MSDS .). The impact of these new rules on the biodiesel and co-products is specifically investigated.