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" Hailed as 'a magisterial critique of top-down social planning' by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail--sometimes catastrophically--in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters."-- Provided by publisher

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Nature and Space -- Chapter 2. Cities, People, and Language -- Chapter 3. Authoritarian High Modernism -- Chapter 4. The High-Modernist City: An Experiment and a Critique -- Chapter 5. The Revolutionary Party: A Plan and a Diagnosis -- Chapter 6. Soviet Collectivization, Capitalist Dream -- Chapter 7. Compulsory Villagization in Tanzania: Aesthetics and Miniaturization -- Chapter 8. Taming Nature: An Agriculture of Legibility and Simplicity -- Chapter 9. Thin Simplifications and Practical Knowledge: Metis -- Chapter 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- Sources for Illustrations -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1. State Projects of Legibility and Simplification -- Chapter 1. Nature and Space -- Chapter 2. Cities, People, and Language -- Part 2. Transforming Visions -- Chapter 3. Authoritarian High Modernism -- Chapter 4. The High-Modernist City: An Experiment and a Critique -- Chapter 5. The Revolutionary Party: A Plan and a Diagnosis -- Part 3. The Social Engineering of Rural Settlement and Production -- Chapter 6. Soviet Collectivization, Capitalist Dreams -- Chapter 7. Compulsory Villagization in Tanzania: Aesthetics and Miniaturization -- Chapter 8. Taming Nature: An Agriculture of Legibility and Simplicity -- Part 4. The Missing Link -- Chapter 9. Thin Simplifications and Practical Knowledge: Metis -- Chapter 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- Sources for Illustrations -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

"Hailed as 'a magisterial critique of top-down social planning' by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail--sometimes catastrophically--in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters."--Provided by publisher

""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""1. Hills, Valleys, and States: An Introduction to Zomia""; ""2. State Space: Zones of Governance and Appropriation""; ""3. Concentrating Manpower and Grain: Slavery and Irrigated Rice""; ""4. Civilization and the Unruly""; ""5. Keeping the State at a Distance: The Peopling of the Hills""; ""6. State Evasion, State Prevention: The Culture and Agriculture of Escape""; ""6Â?. Orality, Writing, and Texts""; ""7. Ethnogenesis: A Radical Constructionist Case""; ""8. Prophets of Renewal""; ""9. Conclusion""; ""Notes""; ""Glossary""; ""A""; ""C""; ""G""; ""H""; ""K

"Play fool, to catch wise."-proverb of Jamaican slaves Confrontations between the powerless and powerful are laden with deception-the powerless feign deference and the powerful subtly assert their mastery. Peasants, serfs, untouchables, slaves, laborers, and prisoners are not free to speak their minds in the presence of power. These subordinate groups instead create a secret discourse that represents a critique of power spoken behind the backs of the dominant. At the same time, the powerful also develop a private dialogue about practices and goals of their rule that cannot be openly avowed. In this book, renowned social scientist James C. Scott offers a penetrating discussion both of the public roles played by the powerful and powerless and the mocking, vengeful tone they display off stage-what he terms their public and hidden transcripts. Using examples from the literature, history, and politics of cultures around the world, Scott examines the many guises this interaction has taken throughout history and the tensions and contradictions it reflects. Scott describes the ideological resistance of subordinate groups-their gossip, folktales, songs, jokes, and theater-their use of anonymity and ambiguity. He also analyzes how ruling elites attempt to convey an impression of hegemony through such devices as parades, state ceremony, and rituals of subordination and apology. Finally, he identifies-with "ations that range from the recollections of American slaves to those of Russian citizens during the beginnings of Gorbachev's glasnost campaign-the political electricity generated among oppressed groups when, for the first time, the hidden transcript is spoken directly and publicly in the face of power. His landmark work will revise our understanding of subordination, resistance, hegemony, folk culture, and the ideas behind revolt

Intro -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1. Small Arms Fire in the Class War -- Razak -- Haji "Broom" -- The Symbolic Balance of Power -- 2. Normal Exploitation, Normal Resistance -- The Unwritten History of Resistance -- Resistance as Thought and Symbol -- The Experience and Consciousness of Human Agents -- 3. The Landscape of Resistance -- Background: Malaysia and the Paddy Sector -- Middle Ground: Kedah and the Muda Irrigation Scheme -- Landownership -- Farm Size -- Tenure -- Mechanization -- From Exploitation to Marginalization -- Income -- Poverty -- lnstitultional Access -- 4. Sedaka, 1967-1979 -- The Village -- Rich and Poor -- Village Composition -- Land Tenure -- Changes in Tenancy -- Changes in Rice Production and Wages -- Local Institutions and Economic Power -- The Farmers' Association -- The Ruling Party in Sedaka -- 5. History according to Winners and Losers -- Class-ifying -- Ships Passing-and Signaling-in the Night -- Two Subjective Class Histories of the Green Revolution -- Double-cropping and Double Vision -- From Living Rents to Dead Rents -- Combine-Harvesters -- Losing Ground: Access to Paddy Land -- Rituals of Compassion and Social Control -- The Remembered Village -- 6. Stretching the Truth: Ideology at Work -- Ideological Work in Determinate Conditions -- The Vocabulary of Exploitation -- Bending the Facts: Stratification and Income -- Rationalizing Exploitation -- Ideological Conflict: The Village Gate -- Ideological Conflict: The Village Improvement Scheme -- Argument as Resistance -- 7 . Beyond the War of Words: Cautious Resistance and Calculated Conformity -- Obstacles to Open, Collective Resistance -- The Effort to Stop the Combine-Harvester -- "Routine" Resistance -- Trade Unionism without Trade Unions -- Imposed Mutuality -- Self-help and/or Enforcement -- Prototype Resistance -- "Routine" Repression.

Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusier's urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural "modernization" in the Tropics—the twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry?In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not—and cannot—be fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a "high-modernist ideology" that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large- scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans