Suchergebnisse

Treatment foster care (TFC) is a promising alternative intervention for children and adolescents at risk for placement in residential care settings. An examination of the processes and outcomes of TFC is complicated and leads to the conclusions that: (a) TFC is delivered with such variability that conclusions about its effectiveness are difficult to draw; (b) many variables in the child's ecology that potentially confound the effects of the intervention remain unexamined; and (c) service impacts have been defined narrowly. This article synthesizes the state of knowledge in these three domains and discusses how an ecosystemic framework can advance and refine knowledge building in this field of practice.

Nach einer kurzen Skizze der Strukturen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe in den USA werden in diesem Artikel Rahmenbedingungen, Förderstrategien und Programme für Care Leaver dargestellt. Den Hintergrund bilden die auch durch Studien aus den USA belegten schlechteren materiellen wie psycho-sozialen Ausgangssituationen von jungen Menschen, die ganz oder zeitweilig in stationären Einrichtungen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe aufgewachsen sind sowie die zum Teil führende Rolle von Forscherinnen und Forschern in den USA im Bereich Care Leaver. Anhand von vier hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung evaluierten Programme und mittels eines Praxisbeispiels zeigen sich die vergleichsweise stärkere empirische Fundierung dieser Programme und die umfassende Förderpraxis in den USA, die sich häufig auf mehrere Risikolagen von Care Leavern bezieht. Auf Grundlage dieser Erörterungen stellen wir zum Abschluss des Artikels einige Bezüge zu den Reformen des Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetzes für Care Leaver her.

This qualitative study explored how Afghan refugees conceptualize frames of mind that may reflect depression in general and as it relates to trauma they experienced. We performed in-depth interviews with 18 Afghans residing in the San Diego area. Views regarding the causes, symptoms, and perceived treatments of depression were gathered through free-listing techniques, and supplemented with narratives relating to pre- and post-resettlement stressors and coping mechanisms. Data were analyzed with standard qualitative content analysis methods. Items endorsed with relation to depression causality included pre-migration war traumas, notably separation from family, and post-migration stressors including status dissonance and cultural conflicts that ranged from linguistic challenges to intergenerational problems. Depressive symptoms were viewed as highly debilitating, and included changes in temperament, altered cognitions, avoidance and dissociative behaviors, and somatic complaints. Relief was sought through family reunification and community support, reliance on prayer, and the academic success of their children in the US. The findings underscore the need for practitioners to take into account situational stressors, cultural aspects of mourning and symptomatology, and existing coping mechanisms in developing interventions that are based on refugees' articulated needs.

This article reports on the 18-month formative evaluation of a model project aimed at preparing young adult refugees (YARs) for entry into vocational education training (VET) as an essential step toward the labor market. Qualitative methods were used to gain insight into the perspectives of YARs, program staff, and vocational instructors as well as explore program dynamics. Within a longitudinal research design, 45 qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 of 27 program participants. Additionally, program staff and vocational instructors were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis guided the analytic process. Outcome data indicated that 83.3% of program completers or 55.6% of the program participants entered a VET within the evaluation period. Triangulated qualitative data revealed relevant program processes and generated hypotheses about factors that facilitate or hinder the difficult transition for YARs. Implications for program development as well as needed structural changes are discussed.

Das Lehrbuch führt in zentrale Handlungskonzepte für den direkten beruflichen Kontakt von Sozialarbeiter:innen mit Klient:innen und relevanten Zielgruppen ein. Die damit verbundenen theoretischen Grundlagen sowie die entsprechenden Methoden, Techniken und Vorgehensweisen werden an Beispielen aus der praktischen Sozialen Arbeit erläutert. Erklärt werden psychodynamische und verhaltensorientierte Handlungskonzepte, Handlungskonzepte aus der Humanistischen Psychologie, verschiedene systemische Konzepte, die Person-in-Environment-Perspektive und ökosystemische Konzepte, ökologisch-kritische Handlungskonzepte, Konzepte der Gemeinwesenarbeit und Sozialraumorientierung, Konzepte des Case Managements und Sozialmanagements sowie die evidenzbasierte Praxis als Handlungsgrundlage. Ein besonderer Wert wird auf internationale Bezüge gelegt.