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James Abbott McNeill Whistler (10 July 1834 -- 17 July 1903) was an American-born painter, who spent most of his life in Great Britain. He was a great advocate of the art for art's sake philosophy and he was one of the leaders of the Aesthetic Movement. Many influences can be found in Whistler's work, including Rembrandt, Velázquez, Japanese art and Ancient Greek sculpture. Despite creating over 500 paintings, he was equally talented in using many other media. His most famous piece is Whistler's Mother, painted in 1871.

Abstract
There is a need to value health technologies in a way that accommodates their broader economic impacts and competing approaches for doing so have emerged. The Pareto principle (PP) requires policymakers to resolve intrapersonal trade-offs by deferring to the preferences of the individuals facing those trade-offs. Many broad value frameworks such as cost-utility analysis and its extensions, health-centric multicriteria decision analysis, and poverty-free life expectancy are not sufficiently deferential to these preferences, violating PP. I propose using the health-augmented lifecycle model (HALM) to value health technologies in a way that flexibly incorporates the interactions among health and economic factors – specifically mortality and morbidity risks, paid and unpaid work, consumption, leisure, and public and private transfer inflows and outflows--over the life course. It relies on individual preferences, satisfying PP. It is compatible with cost-benefit analysis, social welfare functions, and equivalent income approaches. I calibrate the HALM for the US setting and apply it to a pediatric vaccine.

The United States needs effective allies in the northeast to stabilize the area and block an ISIS resurgence, while Turkey must prevent the entrenchment of a PKK-led statelet on its border.

https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe8db5_f824b33a9d19427699666cd27d34dd60.pdf ; La Comunicación de la Comisión Europea que acompañó las propuestas legislativas de la Directiva sobre la resolución alternativa de conflictos (ADR) de consumo y el Reglamento de resolución de litigios en línea (ODR) de consumo identificó tres objetivos: asegurar la cobertura de entidades ADR, incrementar el conocimiento de estas entidades ADR entre los consumidores y las empresas, y elevar los entandares de calidad de dichas entidades ADR. Este artículo analiza hasta qué punto se han alcanzado estos objetivos e identifica buenas practicas a raíz de las cuales se hacen recomendaciones para la implementación en España de un sistema ODR efectivo. ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print

Patriotism is a word derived from ancient Greek, and to judge from modern definitions of the concept, which emphasize a person's willingness to fight, kill, and die for his or her political community, it was something the Greeks knew all too well. Their history is dominated by war, but if this bellicosity demonstrates the fervency of Greek patriotism, it also reveals that it was far from monolithic. Instead, as the Greeks themselves recognized, two types of patriotism coexisted in classical Greece, namely, "higher patriotism," which focused on the common identity of the Greeks as a distinct culture group, and "lower patriotism," which focused on the narrower political community or polis. This patriotic duality naturally created the potential for both cooperation and conflict, and as this chapter will reveal, it exercised a profound influence on both the Greeks and their history.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Peeters Publishers via the link in this record ; The Nile flood remained a potent phenomenon in the lives of Medieval Egyptians just as it had in the pharaonic era. On its success depended the harvest; navigation and the mercantile economy; state revenues; and the very stability of Egyptian society. Although Medieval Egyptians now viewed the annual cycle of the river through the monotheistic lenses of Islam and Christianity, they continued to perceive it as an manifestation of divine providence and, in consequence, a judgement on Egypt's rulers and people. A narrative from the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria (HPA), based on a lost Coptic source, probably one John the Deacon, highlights the role that the flood was accorded in contestations of religious authenticity and political legitimacy in the Egyptian capital al-Fusṭāṭ in the 8th century AD. Using the progress of the flood as an indicator, John has the first Abbasid governor of Egypt declare: "We desire to know which of the religions is the true one." In the subsequent narrative, this Christian author not surprisingly delivers vindication to his co-religionists. But in the meantime, he sheds light on the role of the flood and the ceremonials surrounding it in validating religious belief, devotional practice, and political legitimacy in a multi-faith Egyptian society.

The link between family background and labour market outcomes is an issue of great academic, social and political concern. It is frequently claimed that such intergenerational associations are stronger in Britain than in other countries. But is this really true? I investigate this issue by estimating the link between parental education and later lifetime income, using three cross-nationally comparable data sets covering more than 30 countries. My results suggest that the UK is broadly in the middle of the cross-country rankings, with intergenerational associations notably stronger than in Scandinavia but weaker than in eastern Europe. Overall, I find limited support for claims that family background is a greater barrier to economic success in Britain than in other parts of the developed world.