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The authors propose a new Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) perspective on the relationship between organizational commitment and worker mobility. Theories have long presumed that worker mobility and worker commitment are inversely related. Increased mobility, in dominant models of organizational commitment, comes at the expense of commitment to organization and, therefore, at the expense of the positive outcomes of commitment. We examine the potential for fostering organizational commitment amid worker mobility. We use the metaphor "Knowledge Nomads" to highlight that mobile workers are capable of building homes in organizations in the form of meaningful commitments to organization. This replaces a vision of mobile workers as itinerant wanderers, moving frequently with no commitment to organization. To reconceptualize worker commitment, worker mobility, and their relationship in positive perspective, the authors present findings from a theoretical review and from new empirical data. Implications of our findings for theory and practice, and directions for future research, are discussed.

Jerry J Shih,1 William O Tatum,1 Leslie A Rudzinski21Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 2Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAAbstract: Perampanel (2-[2-oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl] benzonitrile hydrate) is the latest in the line of new antiepileptic drugs with a novel mechanism of action. Perampanel inhibits α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ and selectively blocks AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, thus reducing neuronal excitation. Three Phase III multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials demonstrated the efficacy and good tolerability of perampanel as adjunctive treatment in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. The drug is approved for use in the European Union and United States, with expected release onto the American market in June–September 2013, pending US Drug Enforcement Agency classification. The pharmacology of perampanel offers potential as more than just another new antiepileptic drug. This first-in-class drug will provide another option for practitioners of rational polytherapy. As an AMPA-receptor antagonist, perampanel may possess antiepileptogenic properties in addition to its demonstrated antiseizure properties.Keywords: perampanel, mechanism of action, efficacy, review

Past research on confronting racial prejudice has largely examined negative racial stereotypes. In the present work, we investigate perceiver and target perspectives associated with the evaluative costs of confronting positive racial stereotypes. We demonstrate that, in general, Asian Americans and African Americans who confront positive racial stereotypes suffer higher evaluative costs compared to targets who confront negative racial stereotypes and those who do not confront due, in part, to the lower perceived offensiveness of positive stereotypes (Studies 1 and 2). Moreover, Asian American and African American participants report lower confrontation intentions and higher anticipated evaluative costs for confronting positive, compared to negative, stereotypes. Furthermore, higher perceived offensiveness and lower anticipated favorable evaluations serially mediate the relationship between stereotype valence and confrontation intentions (Study 3). Overall, this research extends our understanding of the evaluative costs associated with confronting prejudice, with important downstream consequences regarding the continued prevalence of positive racial stereotypes.

Introduction We investigated the employment status and identified factors that may affect the employment outcomes of people with visual impairments in Taiwan. Methods A retrospective, ex post facto design study was conducted. The sample included 313 visually impaired clients who commenced and "closed" (completed) disability employment services between 2008 and 2010 in a metropolitan area in Taiwan. Results Two hundred and seventy-one out of 313 (87%) clients were gainfully employed after receiving services. Among those employed, 224 clients were employed as massage practitioners. Factors that increased the likelihood of successful employment outcomes after receiving services included more postemployment services, fewer pre-employment services, and having a vocational qualification. Discussion This study provides some empirical support documenting the association between the provision of employment services and employment outcomes among people with visual impairments in Taiwan. Implications for practitioners The importance of disability employment services programs, a major component of vocational rehabilitation services, within the overall operation of rehabilitation is their capacity to provide direction, focus, and meaning to other therapies or services. The results of this study may lead employment specialists to reexamine their case services practices. Knowledge of factors that may affect clients' rehabilitation may help employment specialists to better estimate how much support and training are needed and better assess their clients' employability.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that wearing the 3.7 kg vest portion of a radiological shielding garment (a "lead") significantly increases lower back and shoulder muscle activity in quasistatic erect and forward-flexed postures. Secondarily, the authors examined the effects of gender and forward-flexed posture as well as their interactions with lead use. Background: The use of a lead is mandatory for interventionalists during surgical procedures. Because the vest portion of a lead weighs considerably more than normal clothing, there is concern that its use increases the risk of developing back and shoulder pain. Method: In a repeated-measures study design, 19 young healthy male and female adults assumed standardized erect or forward-flexed postures, both with and without wearing the vest portion of a lead. Shoulder and lower back muscle activity was measured via surface electromyography, normalized by maximum voluntary contraction values. Data were analyzed using general linear models and repeated-measures ANOVA (significant for p < .05). Results: Use of the lead did not result in a significant increase in muscle activity in the lower back or shoulders, despite perceived increases in effort and discomfort. Posture proved to be the most significant secondary factor affecting activity in the lower back, and participant gender proved insignificant. Conclusion: Short-term use of the lead does not appear to contribute to the incidence of back pain or injury in interventionalists. Avoiding flexed postures could more directly reduce the likelihood of pain or injury. Application: Potential applications include assessing and improving operating room ergonomics for physicians.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in the United States. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores are independent predictors of CHD. African Americans (AA) have higher rates of CHD but are less well-studied in genomic studies. We assembled the largest AA data resource currently available with measured CAC to identify associated genetic variants.Methods: We analyzed log transformed CAC quantity (ln(CAC + 1)), for association with ~2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and performed an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis on results for 5,823 AA from 8 studies. Heritability was calculated using family studies. The most significant SNPs among AAs were evaluated in European Ancestry (EA) CAC data; conversely, the significance of published SNPs for CAC/CHD in EA was queried within our AA meta-analysis.Results: Heritability of CAC was lower in AA (~30%) than previously reported for EA (~50%). No SNP reached genome wide significance (p < 5E-08). Of 67 SNPs with p < 1E-05 in AA there was no evidence of association in EA CAC data. Four SNPs in regions previously implicated in CAC/CHD (at 9p21 and PHACTR1) in EA reached n

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types.