Suchergebnisse

In this groundbreaking work, Ismael Montana fully explicates the complexity of Tunisian society and culture and reveals how abolition was able to occur in an environment hostile to such change. Moving beyond typical slave trade studies, he departs from the traditional regional paradigms that isolate slavery in North Africa from its global dynamics to examine the trans-Saharan slave trade in a broader historical context. The result is a study that reveals how European capitalism, political pressure, and evolving social dynamics throughout the western Mediterranean region helped shape this seism

The issue of tax exemptions considened of the most important issues of public finance jurisprudence; they provided fertile ground for justice, and advance the economy, and stimulate the economic cycle, and attract investment. At the Islamic Sharia what you say in this area through the jurisprudence of public finances resulting from asset legislative and discretionary in Islamic jurisprudence, this study is an attempt to exploring this issue and clarify the concept and its implications and the statement of the manifestations of tax exemptions and objectives and monitor the impact on the economy, they contribute tax exemptions in supplement the movement of the economy and stimulate investment, a legislative system of Islamic racetrack has built exemption of tax on the balance between the interest charge to pay the tax and the interest of Table society, so do not constitute tax breaks at the thought of the Islamic financial obstacle to economic progress as well as to realize the concept of tax justice through between in this study.

The investigation attempted to test the hypothesis among Somalis that there would be a positive r between knowledge of proverbs & poems & the degree of acculturation. Groups of nomads, semi-nomads, & students in a teachers-training Coll were asked to supply proverbs & poems related to particular topics, & they also sought to complete the 2nd half of traditional proverbs whose 1st half was provided by the investigator. The knowledge of the nomads signif'ly exceeded that of the seminomads; the elite students, however, fell in-between the other 2 groups. The good performance of the students is explained in terms of their patriotic interest in their country's tradition. Whether or not proverbs & poems were retained, therefore, depended on the function they served for each group. AA.

Since 1969, the European Union approves food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2), also known as E171 colouring food additive. E171 is a mixture of micro-sized particles (MPs) and nano-sized particles (NPs). Previous studies have indicated adverse effects of oral exposure to E171, i. e. facilitation of colon tumour growth. This could potentially be partially mediated by the capacity to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study is to determine whether E171 exposure induces ROS formation and DNA damage in an in vitro model using human Caco-2 and HCT116 cells and to investigate the contribution of the separate MPs and NPs TiO2 fractions to these effects. After suspension of the particles in Hanks' balanced salt solution buffer and cell culture medium with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or foetal bovine serum, characterization of the particles was performed by dynamic light scattering, ROS formation was determined by electron spin/paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and DNA damage was determined by the comet and micronucleus assays. The results showed that E171, MPs and NPs are stable in cell culture medium with 0.05% BSA. The capacity for ROS generation in a cell-free environment was highest for E171, followed by NPs and MPs. Only MPs were capable to induce ROS formation in exposed Caco-2 cells. E171, MPs and NPs all induced single-strand DNA breaks. Chromosome damage was shown to be induced by E171, as tested with the micronucleus assay in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, E171 has the capability to induce ROS formation in a cell-free environment and E171, MPs and NPs have genotoxic potential. The capacity of E171 to induce ROS formation and DNA damage raises concerns about potential adverse effects associated with E171 (TiO2) in food.