Suchergebnisse

The typology of migration has changed with time, but it still exits from the pre-modern history to the modern world, and due to globalization, the volume has increased a lot. Around 10 million Bangladeshi emigrants work in more than 150 countries and contribute to the country's development by sending remittance. Still, the perceptions and experiences of these emigrants aren't always fulfilled. Research on the perceptions about and experiences faces in the destination of Bangladeshi emigrant are scanty. Therefore, current study is aimed at fulfilling this gap by listening to return migrants to explore the differences between their perceptions before emigration and experiences they faced abroad. A sequential mixed-methods approach was followed, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected for this study. One hundred nineteen quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire.A total of 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) was conducted as part of the qualitative research of this study. Returned migrant workers from the Daudkandi Upazila under the Cumilla district were selected as respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings of this study showed that the perceptions and experiences of Bangladeshi emigrants were different which include: didnot receive job according to the contract (22%); faced salary discrimination (29%); could not fulfill the desired time duration (61%); could not earn exhausted cost spent for going abroad (8%); and lack of help from formal agencies in the destination. Thus, the policies regarding sending labor migrants should focus on the pre-stage to the post-stage of migration, i.e., disseminate information regarding migration among the potential emigrants via mass media and social media to ensure a safer and smooth emigration process, sending skilled and professional emigrants, negotiate with the Government of destination countries for standard wages, and Bangladesh ...

The typology of migration has changed with time, but it still exits from the pre-modern history to the modern world, and due to globalization, the volume has increased a lot. Around 10 million Bangladeshi emigrants work in more than 150 countries and contribute to the country's development by sending remittance. Still, the perceptions and experiences of these emigrants aren't always fulfilled. Research on the perceptions about and experiences faces in the destination of Bangladeshi emigrant are scanty. Therefore, current study is aimed at fulfilling this gap by listening to return migrants to explore the differences between their perceptions before emigration and experiences they faced abroad. A sequential mixed-methods approach was followed, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected for this study. One hundred nineteen quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire.A total of 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) was conducted as part of the qualitative research of this study. Returned migrant workers from the Daudkandi Upazila under the Cumilla district were selected as respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings of this study showed that the perceptions and experiences of Bangladeshi emigrants were different which include: didnot receive job according to the contract (22%); faced salary discrimination (29%); could not fulfill the desired time duration (61%); could not earn exhausted cost spent for going abroad (8%); and lack of help from formal agencies in the destination. Thus, the policies regarding sending labor migrants should focus on the pre-stage to the post-stage of migration, i.e., disseminate information regarding migration among the potential emigrants via mass media and social media to ensure a safer and smooth emigration process, sending skilled and professional emigrants, negotiate with the Government of destination countries for standard wages, and Bangladesh ...

Background: Both obesity and disability have been widely recognised as major public health challenges because they play significant roles in determining self-perceived general and mental health. Longitudinal studies of the relationship between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between obesity and disability with self-perceived general and mental health among Australian adults aged 15 years and above. Methods: Data were extracted from the most recent 14 waves (waves 6 through 19) of the annual individual person dataset of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The longitudinal random-effects logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the relationships between obesity and disability with self-reported health outcomes. Results: The results revealed that obese individuals and adults with some form of disability are more likely to report poor or fair general and mental health. The odds of self-reporting poor or fair general health were 2.40 and 6.07 times higher among obese (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.22-2.58) and adults with some form of disability (aOR: 6.07, 95% CI: 5.77-6.39), respectively, relative to adults with healthy weight and those without disability . The results also showed that self-rated poor or fair mental health were 1.22 and 2.40 times higher among obese adults (aOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30) and adults with disability (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.30-2.51), respectively, compared to their healthy weight peers and peers without disability. Conclusion: As governmental and non-governmental organisations seek to improve the community's physical and mental well-being, these organisations need to pay particular attention to routine health care prevention, specific interventions, and treatment practices, especially for obese and/or people with disabilities.

Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in solar cells and light-emission applications, but devices still show substantial non-radiative losses. Here, we show that by combining light and atmospheric treatments, we can increase the internal luminescence quantum efficiencies of polycrystalline perovskite films from 1% to 89%, with carrier lifetimes of 32 μs and diffusion lengths of 77 μm, comparable with perovskite single crystals. Remarkably, the surface recombination velocity of holes in the treated films is 0.4 cm/s, approaching the values for fully passivated crystalline silicon, which has the lowest values for any semiconductor to date. The enhancements translate to solar cell power-conversion efficiencies of 19.2%, with a near-instant rise to stabilized power output, consistent with suppression of ion migration. We propose a mechanism in which light creates superoxide species from oxygen that remove shallow surface states. The work reveals an industrially scalable post-treatment capable of producing state-of-the-art semiconducting films. ; S.D.S. has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (Marie Curie Actions) under REA grant number PIOF-GA-2013-622630. This work made use of the Shared Experimental Facilities supported in part by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award number MDR – 1419807. R.B. acknowledges support from the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). A.O. acknowledges support from the NSF under grant no. 1605406 (EP/L000202). D.G. acknowledges the China Scholarship Council for funding, file no. 201504910812. The authors acknowledge funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under EP/P02484X/1 and the Programme Grant EP/M005143/1. M.S.I. and C.E. acknowledge support from the EPSRC Program grant on Energy Materials (EP/KO16288) and the Archer HPC/MCC Consortium (EP/L000202). E.M.H. gratefully acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Echo number 712.014.007 for funding. The work was also partially supported by Eni S.p.A. via the Eni-MIT Solar Frontiers Center. The authors thank Mengfei Wu and Marc Baldo for access to an integrating sphere, Jay Patel and Michael Johnston for EQE verifications, and Eli Yablonovitch and Luis Pazos-Outón for helpful discussion.