Analysis of visual features and classifiers for Fruit classification problem
In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 187, S. 106267
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In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 187, S. 106267
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 24, Heft 6, S. 5222-5237
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 24, Heft 3, S. 2261-2272
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Sociobiology: an international journal on social insects, Band 71, Heft 1, S. e9505
The small carpenter bee, Ceratina smaragdula Fibricius is a non-Apis pollinator of many economically important crops. The nesting biology, nesting preferences, architects, foraging, hibernation, and mating behaviour of this solitary bee were examined in this study. Fifteen nests of C. smaragdula were collected and examined for the targeted attributes. C. smaragdula highly preferred (>80%) the area of field sides in Ravenna grass (Saccharum ravennae) for making their nests, at a preferred height of 82.74 cm from the soil surface. The nesting of C. smaragdula along roadsides and houses was 30-60% and <30%, respectively. C. smaragdula hibernated during early October to February, broke hibernation in the first week of March and initiated mating immediately. The main reproductive period was from March to August and the first generation emerged from late April to early May. The peak insect population was recorded from June to August. The mean nest length, nest diameter, and nest entrance diameter were 11.15 cm, 0.79 cm and 0.53 mm, respectively. This bee preferred a single gallery, having 3-5 cells per gallery. The gallery contents are eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. The generation development period was from 4-5 weeks and 3-4 generations per year were existed. C. smaragdula started foraging early in the morning (7.27 am) and ceased in the afternoon at (4.51 pm). The average time of foraging per flower was 21.67 seconds, and the bees returned to the nest after 7.48 min of their first forage. These findings could be helpful in designing artificial nesting required for the preservation of C. smaragdula.
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 15, S. 14854-14867
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 29, Heft 23, S. 33909-33919
ISSN: 1614-7499