Suchergebnisse

1. Converging global food and water trade-offs / Robert Sandford -- 2. Optimizing water productivity in food production / Elias Fereres -- 3. Modern agricultural under stress : lessons from the Murray-Darling in Australia / Wendy Craik and James Cleaver -- 4. Integrated watershed management : towards sustainable solutions in Africa / Akissa Bahri. [et al.] -- 5. Lessons from Spain : a critical of assessment of the role of science and society / Alberto Garrido and Ana Iglesias -- 6. Back to basics on water as constraint for global food production : opportunities and limitations / Malin Falkenmark and Johan Rockstrom -- 7. Globalization of water resources through virtual water trade / Hong Yang and Alexander J.B. Zehnder -- 8. Balancing water for people and nature / Uriel Safriel -- 9. Optimizing water for life / Daniel P. Loucks -- 10. Water science and policy in a changing world : perceptions from a practitioner / John Briscoe -- 11. Promises under construction : the evolving paradigm for water governance and the case of northern Mexico / Margaret Wilder -- 12. Beyond universal remedies for good water governance : a political and contextual approach / Helen Ingram -- 13. Water policies in Spain : balancing water for food and water for nature / Consuelo Varela-Ortega -- 14. Can the world feed itself sustainably? / Alberto Garrido, Helen Ingram, and Robert Sandford.

This article focuses on a comparison of states and markets in the management of transboundary water. Borders are often harbingers of change and areas of innovation. Nation states have struggled mightily to overcome problems of shared river basins and aquifers. Today, the state-centric model is losing its hegemony. Once the article has established the limitations of states as governing institutions, its attention turns to an alternative offered by public choice scholars. Proposals for functional, overlapping, and competing jurisdictions are subjected to critical scrutiny and found wanting. Both of these conceptual frameworks have serious flaws. While the state-centered model poorly captures the emerging complexities of intermestic politics, the market approach fails to incorporate institutions that foster intersectoral cooperation and communication. The article concludes that effective governance of fluid resources is increasingly and necessarily founded on the cooperative interrelationships of various institutions that represent the variety of complementing logics and functions within the transnational water arena.

Intro -- Deserving and Entitled: Social Constructions and Public Policy -- Contents -- Foreword -- INTRODUCTION: Public Policy and the Social Construction of Deservedness -- PART I: Historical Roots of Constructions of Deservedness and Entitlement -- 1. Constructing and Entitling America's Original Veterans -- 2. Constructing the Democratic Citizen: Idiocy and Insanity in American Suffrage Law -- 3. From "Problem Minority"to "Model Minority": The Changing Social Construction of Japanese Americans -- PART II: Congressional Discourse: Forging Lines of Division between Deserving and Undeserving -- 4. Contested Images of Race and Place:The Politics of Housing Discrimination -- 5. "It Is Not a Question of Being Anti-immigration": Categories of Deservedness in Immigration Policy Making -- PART III: Nonprofits, Neighborhood Organizations, and the Social Construction of Deservedness -- 6. The Construction of Client Identities in a Post-welfare Social Service Program: The Double Bind of Microenterprise Development -- 7. Deservedness in Poor Neighborhoods: A Morality Struggle -- PART IV: Constructions by Moral Entrepreneurs and Policy Analysts -- 8. From Perception to Public Policy: Translating Social Constructions into Policy Designs -- 9. Jezebels, Matriarchs, and Welfare Queens: The Moynihan Report of 1965 and the Social Construction of African-American Women in Welfare Policy -- 10. Putting a Black Face on Welfare: The Good and the Bad -- PART V: Social Constructions, Identity, Citizenship, and Participation -- 11. Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action -- References -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Elected leaders adopt "anticipatory feedback strategies" in designing public policies that generate support and forestall opposition. This contention is at the core of a social construction theory of feedback. Officials anticipate approval when policies allocate benefits to powerful groups socially constructed as deserving and allocate costs or punishment to groups viewed as undeserving, particularly if these groups lack political power. Designs for powerful groups that are widely viewed as unworthy provide mainly benefits in ways that are hidden from the general public who would not approve. For politically weak groups regarded as deserving, legislators generally design policies that provide promises, but not much in terms of material benefits. Often, deception will be used to protect or enhance this particular allocation pattern, including the reinforcement, perpetuation, or change in the social constructions along with the stereotypes, labels, stigma, and accompanying narratives. Using data from legislation introduced by the 2016 Arizona Legislature, we find that most policy is directed toward providing benefits to positively viewed target populations, as expected by the theory, and legislators employ deceptive feedback strategies that protect themselves. Feedback from the general public, which otherwise might be expected, may be precluded by the deceptive strategies being used.