Suchergebnisse

The Gulf-Air incident that took place in 2000 in Manama, Bahrain supported the need for adopting innovative strategies to deal with the consequences of air disaster. Due to the nature of the incident, an ad-hoc team was formulated at the Cairo Airport and its major objective was to address the critical needs for the upkeep of the regular operations at the airport, as well as considering the cultural, religious and human needs of individuals, families and communities affected by the disaster. The ad-hoc emergency team was successful in applying immediate and flexible strategies that were effective in achieving the objectives of the emergency management plan. Contrary to the belief in the need to rely solely on the Command and Control Approach in disaster management, this study provides evidence of the effectiveness of emergency management strategies that are based on the Human Relations Approach.

Children who experience political violence and wars are vulnerable to different sorts of psychological reactions. Unfortunately, cultural constraints and the stigma attached to therapy may prevent these children from receiving needed treatment. This study presents a case of a child with PTSD where a single subject design was used to measure treatment outcomes. The design enabled the social worker to assess, monitor and measure the course of treatment. The advantages of applying the design in clinical intervention in other cultures are highlighted.

This article investigates the construction of the discourse of water scarcity in Jordan. It identifies the actors constructing the discourse and the elements comprising the discourse. The study is important and makes an original contribution because while the issue of water scarcity in Jordan has been widely researched, it has been done mainly with engineering approaches, the discourse of water scarcity has been taken for granted, and studies on an in depth discursive analysis of the issue of water scarcity in Jordan are still missing. The study finds that there is a single dominant discourse of water scarcity, which is composed of two narratives: water insufficiency and water mismanagement. The water insufficiency narrative is constructed to emphasise factors external to the responsibility of the Jordanian government as reasons for water scarcity, like nature, refugees, and neighbouring countries. It is mainly constructed by governmental oriented actors and deployed to open solutions on the supply and conservation sides and ultimately to maintain the status quo of the current water uses. The water mismanagement narrative is constructed to emphasise as reasons for water scarcity factors of mismanagement of water resources, and deployed to increase economic efficiency in the water sector.

This article explores how the idea of a canal connecting the Dead Sea with either the Red Sea or the Mediterranean Sea has evolved. It analyzes the proposals, the official interests, and the undeclared reasons. It provides a critical understanding of the discourses behind the complex hydro-political dynamics in a changing and contested topography within the context of a wider geopolitical conflict. This study sheds lights on the relations between interests, discourses, and the canal project. This study contributes to the literature on water history by shedding light on the evolving relations between interests, discourses, and the canal project.

This article explores the governance of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) through the lens of critical hydropolitics and specifically through the framework of hydro-hegemony. This study is important as the GAS, which is one of the first examples of transboundary groundwater cooperation, has been studied through hydrological, geological and legal disciplinary approaches, but hydropolitical analyses of the issues raised in cooperation of this resource is still lacking. While a hydrological analysis of the GAS is important, it is not enough to comprehend and make sense of the governance and political agreements among the countries. For this reason, this article complements the existing studies on the hydrological, geological, and legal analyses published on this aquifer. By taking the case study of the GAS, this article makes important empirical contributions to the study of transboundary groundwater cooperation. This article argues that through critical hydropolitics, and in particular by consideration of the power asymmetries between states and their exploitation potential of groundwater, it is possible to more accurately understand the current water governance's arrangements around the GAS. It also argues that critical hydropolitics fails to explain informal cooperation arrangements in the case of the GAS.

This article shed light on the shadow state, investigating who belongs to it, their interests, and their relation to the water sector. This is important because Jordan is known to be among the most water scarce countries in the world and some water professionals see in the shadow state an obstacle to implementing successful water policies, resulting to be one of the main reasons behind inefficiencies in the water sector in the country. Furthermore, an in-depth investigation of the relation between the shadow state and the water sector is needed. This article makes a contribution by analysing the current challenges posed by the shadow state to efficient operations of the water institutions as well as wider government, and the difficulties they encounter in responding with reforms in Jordan. This analysis will serve policy makers and water professionals to better understand how to navigate the complex Jordanian water sector. This is particularly important nowadays in order to ensure socio-economic and political stability of Jordan in the aftermath of the so-called "Arab Spring".

The current research demonstrates the ERI method's effectiveness as a supplementary engineering site investigation approach. Engineering site research is important to indicate the subsoil of proposed production sites. The benefit of the dipole-dipole array for ERI electrical resistivity imaging is that it provides informative records of subsurface geology and condition along with profiles. The dipole-dipole array was performed along with three parallel profiles at the Diyala University site to identify the buried facilities (pipes and cables) in the area. The buried electric cable embedded in a plastic tube was used for simulation to report and verify the field resistivity results. Interpretation of field facts confirmed that the used ERI method was robust in locating buried structures. The dipole-dipole array's strong horizontal sensitivity to subsurface resistivity releases made it possible to provide greater certainty of site characteristics concerning the buried systems. The results were consistent with the information on wells near the work site.

The current research deals with studying the petrophysical properties represented by the porosity and its distribution on the level of all units of the top and bottom of the Kirkuk Formation Group. The study area is located in Maysan province in the south-eastern part of Iraq in the Amara field. The Kirkuk Group was deposited in the Tertiary Age. The post-stack method using seismic inversion and creating a relationship between seismic data was accomplished using Hampson-Russel software at well Am-1 and Seismic lines Ama 20 and 30. The research results indicate high porosity values on top of the formation with a decrease in acoustic impedance (Z) and, therefore, a reduction in the density. At the same time, low porosity values were indicated for the bottom of the formation with an increase in both acoustic impedance and density. The top of the formation contains clastic sediments with oil-sand of high porosity, which is considered hydrocarbon indication and low porosity carbonate materials at the bottom of the formation.

The Amarah Oil field structure was studied and interpreted by using 2-D seismic data obtained from the Oil Exploration company. The study is concerned with Maysan Group Formation (Kirkuk Group) which is located in southeastern Iraq and belongs to the Tertiary Age. Two reflectors were detected based on synthetic seismograms and well logs (top and bottom Missan Group). Structural maps were derived from seismic reflection interpretations to obtain the location and direction of the sedimentary basin. Two-way time and depth maps were conducted depending on the structural interpretation of the picked reflectors to show several structural features. These included three types of closures, namely two anticlines extended in the directions of S-SW and NE, one nose structure (anticline) in the middle of the study area, and structural faults in the northeastern part of the area, which is consistent with the general fault pattern. The seismic interpretation showed the presence of some stratigraphic features. Stratigraphic trap at the eastern part of the field, along with other phenomena, such as flatspot (mound), lenses, onlap, and toplap, were detected as indications of potential hydrocarbon accumulation in the region.

The seismic method depends on the nature of the reflected waves from the interfaces between layers, which in turn depends on the density and velocity of the layer, and this is called acoustic impedance. The seismic sections of the East Abu-Amoud field that is located in Missan Province, south-eastern Iraq, were studied and interpreted for updating the structural picture of the major Mishrif Formation for the reservoir in the field. The Mishrif Formation is rich in petroleum in this area, with an area covering about 820 km2. The horizon was calibrated and defined on the seismic section with well logs data (well tops, check shot, sonic logs, and density logs) in the interpretation process to identify the upper and lower boundaries of the Formation. Seismic attributes were used to study the formation, including instantaneous phase attributes and relative acoustic impedance on time slice of 3D seismic data . Also, relative acoustic impedance was utilized to study the top of the Mishrif Formation. Based on these seismic attributes, karst features of the formation were identified. In addition, the nature of the lithology in the study area and the change in porosity were determined through the relative acoustic impedance The overlap of the top of the Mishrif Formation with the bottom of the Khasib Formation was determined because the Mishrif Formation is considered as an unconformity surface.