Chapter 1: Contaminant mobilization from polluted soils: behavior and reuse of leaching solutions -- Chapter 2: Free Product Recovery of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids in Contaminated Sites: Theory and Case Studies -- Chapter 3: In Situ Thermal Treatments and Enhancements: Theory and Case study -- Chapter 4: A comparison of the efficiency of four treatment techniques at different scales (batch, column, metric pilot):oxidation, sparging, surfactant flushing and thermal treatment -- Chapter 5: Potential use of waste-to-bioenergy by-products in bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated soils -- Chapter 6: In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds -- Chapter 7: The nature of manganese oxides in soils and their role as scavengers of trace elements. Implication for soil remediation.
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Front Cover -- Emerging Contaminants -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- one An introductory overview of emerging pollutants and challenges for their regulation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Background and types -- 1.1.1.1 Pharmaceutical and personal care products -- 1.1.1.2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- 1.1.1.3 Pesticides -- 1.1.2 Additives -- 1.1.3 Micro and nanoplastics -- 1.1.3.1 Nanoparticles -- 1.1.4 Emerging contaminants induced concerns and regulation challenges -- 1.2 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- two Insights into the analytical procedures for the detection of emerging contaminants from water, soils, and sediments -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Emerging contaminants -- 2.3 Analytical procedures for target analysis of emerging contaminants -- 2.3.1 Sample preparation techniques -- 2.3.1.1 Aquatic samples -- Solid-phase extraction -- Other methods -- 2.3.1.2 Solid samples -- Ultrasound-assisted extraction -- Microwave-assisted extraction -- Other methods -- 2.3.2 Detection of emerging contaminants with chromatographic methods -- 2.3.2.1 Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy -- 2.3.2.2 Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy -- 2.3.2.3 Mass spectrometry detectors -- 2.3.2.4 Time of flight technology -- 2.3.2.5 Orbitrap technology -- 2.3.3 Quantification techniques -- 2.3.4 Quality assurance and quality control -- 2.4 Nontarget analysis -- 2.4.1 Matrix clean-up and instrumental analysis -- 2.4.2 Data preprocessing -- 2.4.3 Suspect and nontarget screening strategies -- 2.4.4 Prioritization strategies and structure elucidation -- 2.5 Future outlook and conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- three Occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics in terrestrial ecosystem and their toxicological impacts in plants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 What is a terrestrial ecosystem?.
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91 Páginas, 4 Tablas, 6 Figuras ; Optimal supply of trace elements (TE) is a prerequisite for microbial growth and activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) bioprocesses. However, the required concentrations and ratios of essential TE for AD biotechnologies strongly depend on prevailing operating conditions as well as feedstock composition. Furthermore, TE in AD bioreactors undergo complex physico-chemical reactions and may be present as free ions, complex bound or as precipitates depending on pH, or on the presence of sulfur compounds or organic macromolecules. To overcome TE deficiency various commercial mineral products are typically applied to AD processes. The addition of heavy metals poses the risk of overdosing operating systems, which may be toxic to microbial consortia and ultimately the environment. Adequate supplementation, therefore, requires not only appropriate knowledge about the composition, but also on the speciation and bioavailability of TE. However, very little is yet fully understood on this specific issue. Evaluations of TE typically only include the measurement of total TE concentrations but do not consider the chemical forms in which TE exist. Thus detailed information on bioavailability and potential toxicity cannot be provided. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in approaches to determine bioavailable TE in anaerobic bioprocesses, including sequential fractionation and speciation techniques. Critical aspects and considerations, including with respect to sampling and analytical procedures, as well as mathematical modelling, are examined. The approaches discussed in this review are based on our experiences and on previously published studies in the context of the 'COST Action 1302: European Network on Ecological Roles of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Biotechnologies'. ; This article is based upon work from COST Action 1302 ('European Network on Ecological Roles of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Biotechnologies') supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). EvH and GE acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 643071 ('Advanced Biological Waste-to-Energy Technologies – ABWET'). GC acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant agreement No. 261330. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed
