Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: The Politics of Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Development: An Introduction -- Introduction -- The Issue -- Resource Bargains -- Types of Domestic Resources and Recent Policy Trends -- Research Themes, Hypotheses, and Case Studies -- Overview of the Volume -- References -- Part I: Domestic Resource Mobilization Through the Lens of Aid, Taxation and Mineral Rents -- 2: Fiscal Capacity and Aid Allocation: Domestic Resource Mobilization and Foreign Aid in Developing Countries -- Introduction -- Rationale and Motivation -- Aid Allocation, Fiscal Capacity and Performance: What Does the Literature Say? -- Cross-Country Empirical Analysis and Discussion -- Overview of Country Cases -- Taxation and Fiscal Performance -- Tax Effort Index -- Donor Involvement in Taxation and Public Financial Management -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 3: Domestic Resource Mobilization for Social Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Can Foreign Aid Act as a Catalyst? -- Introduction -- Prominent Views on Aid for Social Transfers -- Methodology -- Empirical Evidence from Twelve African Cases -- Influence of Foreign Aid in the Origins of the Selected Schemes -- Social, Political and Financial Sustainability of the Schemes -- Ways Forward for Transformative Change -- Strengthening Citizen-State Relations -- Ensuring a Human Rights-Based Approach -- Contributing to a Broader Transformative Agenda -- References -- 4: How Can Governments of Low-Income Countries Collect More Tax Revenue? -- Introduction -- Dangling Fruit -- Transfer Mispricing in International Economic Transaction -- Mining -- Tobacco and Alcohol -- Exemptions -- Implementing VAT -- Taxing the Rich -- Property Taxes -- Changing Tax Policies.

This book moves beyond technical studies of pension systems by addressing the political economy of pension reform in different contexts. It provides insights into key issues related to pension policy and its developmental implications, drawing on selected country studies in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America.

"Reforming Pensions in Developing and Transition Countries" moves beyond technical studies of pension systems to firmly ground the analysis of recent pension reforms in developing and transition countries in the socioeconomic and political contexts of these countries. It addresses the political economy of pension reform, the relative benefits in terms of social and economic development of various pension models (for example, pay-as-you-go versus funded schemes; contributory versus non-contributory programmes) as well as challenges to managing and reforming pension systems in development and transition contexts. The chapters provide in-depth knowledge on the reform strategies and outstanding challenges of the most powerful emerging markets, as well as selected countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Latin America. It provides the reader with recent evidence and insights on key issues related to pension policy and its developmental implications, drawing from the experiences of various close country studies

In this themed section, we explore the links between contemporary social protection approaches and inequality in developing countries, focusing on political economy drivers and the role of actors and institutions in recent reform and implementation processes. This introduction article establishes some common ground by introducing context, concepts and questions. Reducing inequality is identified as a key condition for achieving inclusive and sustainable development as aspired in the Sustainable Development Goals governments committed to in 2015. The introduction situates the three articles in this issue, two studies of pro-poor cash transfers in the Philippines and Kenya, and an analysis of the new national minimum wage policy in South Africa, in a context of contested globalisation, increasing inequality and the social turn, a come-back of social policy as a key development instrument. After identifying the limitations and opportunities of this social turn, the article discusses the three social protection reforms and their impact on equality and social change in the different country contexts through a lens of contestation, institutions and transformative change.

International migration is driven by development processes and, at the same time, it impacts development through labor market effects, remittance flows, knowledge transfers, social change in households and communities and responses at the policy and institutional levels. Although the development potential of migration is now widely recognized, we still observe that migration, and in particular, the free movement of people and the access of migrants to sociopolitical rights, remains a highly contested and sensitive political issue. This is not only the case with regard to migration from developing countries to industrialized countries in the North, but also for migration at a regional level and within regional integration projects such as common markets or political and monetary unions. This article discusses the linkages between migration, development, social policy and regional integration. The focus is on migration in sub-Saharan Africa, its impact on development and migrants' rights and implications for public policies including new forms of migration governance. Spanish
La migración internacional es impulsada por los procesos de desarrollo y, al mismo tiempo, tiene un impacto en el desarrollo a través de sus efectos en el mercado de trabajo, los flujos de remesas, las transferencias de conocimientos, el cambio social en los hogares y en las comunidades, así como las respuestas a nivel político e institucional. Aunque actualmente el potencial de desarrollo de la migración es ampliamente reconocido, todavía observamos que la migración y, en particular, la libre circulación de personas y el acceso de los migrantes a más derechos sociopolíticos, sigue siendo una cuestión política muy controvertida y sensible. Este no es sólo el caso con respecto a la migración de los países en desarrollo a los países industrializados del Norte, también ocurre en la migración a nivel regional y en los proyectos de integración regional tales como los mercados comunes o uniones políticas y monetarias. Este artículo analiza los vínculos entre la migración, el desarrollo, la política social y la integración regional. La atención se centra en la migración en el África Subsahariana, su impacto sobre el desarrollo y los derechos de los migrantes, así como sus implicaciones en las políticas públicas, incluyendo nuevas formas de gobernanza de la migración. French
La migration internationale est pilotée par les processus de développement et, dans un même temps, impacte sur le développement à travers ses effets sur le marché du travail, les transferts de fonds des migrants, les transferts de connaissances, le changement social dans les ménages et les communautés, ainsi que les réponses qu'elle occasionne au niveau politique et institutionnel. Bien que le potentiel de développement des migrations soit désormais largement reconnu, nous observons encore que la migration, et en particulier la libre circulation des personnes et l'accès des migrants aux droits socio-politiques, reste une question politique très controversée et sensible. Cela ne concerne pas seulement le cas des flux migratoires des pays en développement vers les pays industrialisés du Nord, mais également les flux migratoires générés au niveau régional et dans les contextes d'intégration régionale tels que les marchés communs ou les unions politiques et monétaires. Cet article examine les liens entre la migration, le développement, la politique sociale et l'intégration régionale. L'accent est mis sur la migration en Afrique sub-saharienne, son impact sur le développement et les droits des migrants, ainsi que leurs impacts sur les politiques publiques, y compris les nouvelles formes de gouvernance migratoires.

"Der Beitrag analysiert die Funktion von Kapitalverkehrskontrollen innerhalb einer Strategie nachholender Entwicklung, die auf das Herauswachsen aus der für periphere Länder typischen Nettoschuldnerposition abzielt. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine Liberalisierung der Kapitalbilanz abzulehnen ist und insbesondere Kapitalimportkontrollen, wie in den 90er Jahren in Chile eingesetzt, entwicklungsfördernde Rahmenbedingungen unterstützen können. Die Untersuchung der chilenischen Marktkonstellation in den 90er Jahren sowie empirischer Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Kapitalverkehrskontrollen zeigen allerdings, dass dies nur in eingeschränktem Maße gelungen ist. Allenfalls im regionalen Vergleich kann daher von einer chilenischen Erfolgsgeschichte gesprochen werden." (Autorenreferat)