Suchergebnisse

It seems a common view in European political practice that the state's broad sovereign right to exclude noncitizens from its territory at the border releases it from any special obligations toward irregular immigrants, who reside on its territory without its consent. In this article the author reflects on the validity of that view. In so doing, she begins with the common-sense doctrine that special obligations are generated by significant interactions. On conventional accounts of special obligations, a significant interaction between the state and immigrants arises if and only if (a) the state enters into a formal relationship with them, by issuing, for instance, a residence permit, or (b) the state can be blamed or held liable for harm that they have suffered. Contrary to this account, the author argues that the state inevitably interacts with immigrants through the process of enforcing its borders. This presumes a relational account of borders as a space of interaction rather than as a fixed line of separation that divides a domestic realm of state action from an international realm. In the process of enforcing its borders, the state necessarily interacts with immigrant in this space, and thereby assumes special obligations to them.

ETHNA System Project – Deliverable 2.1. The report provides a comprehensive overview of governance theory and practices in the research and innovation (R&I) sector related to the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). The report is based on findings from a review of the RRI literature related to the governance of research and innovation processes, and interviews with 22 European-based experts on R&I governance in the area of RRI. The purpose of the report has been to present some of the governance options - or building blocks - available when constructing the ETHNA system, both conceptually and practically speaking. Applying the governance framework of the EC-funded project Res-A-Gora, "The Responsibility Navigator", the identified examples of governance practices were organized under the following ten governance principles: inclusion, deliberation, and moderation; modularity and flexibility, subsidiarity, and adaptability; capabilities, capacities and institutional entrepreneurship; and culture of transparency, tolerance and rule of law. The principles are referred to in the present report as modules. The concept of a module is used to articulate the idea that the principles of the Res-A-Gora framework can be understood as building blocks, which one can pick and choose from when constructing the ETHNA governance system. The cases organized under each module are meant to serve as an inspiration when reflecting on how a module could be adapted to a given institutional context. ; This version has not yet been reviewed by the European Commission. Its content might therefore change as a result of the review process.