Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article aims to describe, with the aid of a number of case studies, the role consultants are playing in bringing improved environmental management to fruition in developing countries. In spite of environmental considerations entering the political agenda in the early 1970s, global environmental deterioration continues. Donor agencies have thus recently greatly accelerated their assistance in this area, but are themselves not equipped to deal with many of the problems and issues and so have hired consultants to undertake aspects of the work programme. Typically consultants are undertaking sector studies, pollution control, environmental improvement studies, and project and programme assessment, and are seen as being primarily responsible for technical aspects. It has become clear that unless technical recommendations are firmly tied into institutional and management structures, the goal of long‐term sustainability of projects will not be realized. Whilst the need for institutional strengthening in this respect is widely recognized, it often fails to materialize as a consequence of internal resistances. Furthermore, environmental goals are still often seen as secondary and contradictory to economic development goals, and are therefore not taken adequately seriously. The article includes four case studies, which illustrate the kinds of measures which are currently considered to be necessary to ensure the implementation of sustainable development programmes and projects.

An den Fallstudien, jeweils mit unterschiedlicher Akzentsetzung, wird der Einsatz von Beratungsunternehmen zur Verbesserung der umweltorientierten Entwicklungspraxis gezeigt. Beratungsunternehmen - hier die "Environmental Resources Limited" (ERL) in London - werden von Trägerorganisationen oder von Regierungsinstitutionen der Empfängerländer beauftragt. Herausgearbeitet wird, daß es zusätzlich zu consulting-typischen technischen und Management-Aufgaben gilt, oft erst die beteiligten Institutionen in den Entwicklungsländern zu stärken und so die nötigen Voraussetzungen für sinnvolle Projekte und langfristig nachhaltige Entwicklung zu schaffen. Zwar wird diese Consulting-Tätigkeit zunehmend anerkannt, jedoch insofern beeinträchtigt, als der Umweltbereich faktisch noch immer hinter ökonomischen Entwicklungszielen rangiert, und weil Widerstände aus den Institutionen selber kommen. (APAF-Glz)