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Focusing on a number of contemporary research themes and placing them within the context of palpable changes that have occurred within football in recent years, this timely collection brings together essays about football, crime and fan behaviour from leading experts in the fields of criminology, law, sociology, psychology and cultural studies

This paper considers two approaches to utilising Pawson's theory-driven interview model as an attempt to overcome the traditional schism between quantitative and qualitative interview techniques. Both pieces of research are criminologically based though methodologically different. The first employs Pawson's model in the development of mid-range theoretical propositions relating to the embedding' of distinct policy initiative (phase II, Safer Cities). The second seeks to test a theory about the reasons behind contextual variations in acts of abuse and violence against business premises. Through these examples, the paper attempts to develop a critical account of the operationalisation of this model in social science research. Interviewing. Epistemology, Theory-Driven Interviewing Pawson.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 An Introduction: Acid Attacks and Corrosive Substance Crime -- Defining Acid Attacks and Corrosive Substance Crime -- The Use of Corrosives in Crime: Historical Perspectives -- Acid Attacks and Corrosive Crime as a Contemporary International Crime Problem -- Overview of This Book -- References -- 2 Acid Attacks and Corrosive Substance Crime: An Introduction to the Previous Literature -- Introduction -- Acid Attacks and Corrosive Crime: Harms, Patterns and Motivations -- Physical and Emotional Harms -- Global Patterns and Contexts: The Role of Gender and Ethnicity -- Motivations for the Use of Corrosives in Crime Events -- Weapon Carrying and Use -- Conclusions and Overview of the Current Study -- References -- 3 The Contexts and Characteristics of Acid Attacks -- Introduction -- The Types of Crime Events in Which Corrosives Are Used -- Victim and Offender Characteristics -- Gender -- Age -- Ethnicity -- Victim/Offender Relationship -- The Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Attacks -- Level of Injuries and Psychological Impact for Victims -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Carrying Acid and Corrosives -- Introduction -- Types of Corrosive Carriers -- Regular 'Criminal' Carriers -- Carriers for Specific Planned Violent Crime Events -- The Carriers of Criminal Paraphernalia -- 'Heat of the Moment' Carriers -- Situational/ Domestic Carriers for Unplanned Attacks -- Factors that Shape the Immediate Decision to Acquire and Carry a Corrosive Substance -- Availability of Corrosives -- Risk of Possession -- Ease of Disguise: The Blending in of Corrosives -- The Semiotics of Corrosive Carrying -- The Moral Aspects of Carrying Corrosives: Weapons Hierarchies and the Need to Neutralise -- The Need to Self-Protect: The Cycle of Protection in 'Dangerous' Communities.

Price gouging in the US pharmaceutical drug industry goes back more than three decades. In 1985 US Representative Henry Waxman, chair of the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, accused the pharmaceutical industry of "gouging the American public" with "outrageous" price increases, driven by "greed on a massive scale." Despite many Congressional inquiries since the 1980s, including the case of Gilead Sciences' extortionate pricing of the Hepatitis-C drug Sovaldi since 2014, the US government does not regulate drug prices. UK Prescription Price Regulation Scheme data for 1996 through 2008 show that, while drug prices in other advanced nations were close to the UK's regulated prices, those in the United States were between 74% and 152% higher. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has produced abundant evidence that US drug prices are by far the highest in the world. The US pharmaceutical industry's invariable response to demands for price regulation has been that it will kill innovation. US drug companies claim that they need higher prices than those that prevail elsewhere so that the extra profits can be used to augment R&D spending. The result, they contend, is more drug innovation that benefits the United States and indeed the whole world. It is a compelling argument, until one looks at how major US pharmaceutical companies actually use the profits that high drug prices generate. In the name of "maximizing shareholder value" (MSV), pharmaceutical companies allocate profits from high drug prices to massive repurchases, or buybacks, of their own corporate stock for the sole purpose of giving manipulative boosts to their stock prices. Incentivizing these buybacks is stock-based compensation that rewards senior executives for stock-price performance. Like no other sector, the pharmaceutical industry puts a spotlight on how the political economy of science is a matter of life and death. In this paper, we invoke "the theory of innovative enterprise" to explain how and why high drug prices restrict access to ...

Are you the kind of person who watches crime drama and real-life crime documentaries on television? Are you fascinated by the twists and turns of justice and the law? But how much do you really know about key issues in crime, crime control, policing and punishment in the UK? This exciting, dynamic and accessible book, written by leading experts, presents 50 key facts related to crime and criminal justice policy in Britain. Did you know that, contrary to public belief, in the UK a life sentence does actually last for life? And that capital punishment in the UK was abolished for murder in 1965 but the Death Penalty was a legally defined punishment as late as 1998? Offering thought-provoking insights into the study of crime, this fascinating "go to" book is packed with facts and figures revealing the myths and realities of crime in contemporary Britain