Currently, political culture is becoming the subject of topical research. There have been many domestic and foreign studies directly or indirectly related to this topic, because politicians and researchers to varying degrees have recognized the importance of political culture to national governance. The prosperity of the country, the happy life of the people, the sustainability of the regime will surely be possible if the country builds a progressive political culture on the basis of national culture. In order to shape a national socialist system and build a political system, it is necessary to develop a foundational theoretical framework to identify the political culture and the country's political system from which it is possible to identify contradictions in the value system of the existing political culture with the Tectonic-oriented political culture, at the same time, seek directions and solutions to realize the political culture background in the future.
The development of science, technology, economy leads to the change of all aspects in society. Public management of transportation is not out of this indispensable tendency. In order to be suitable for society conditions and to acquire effectivity in transportation management, the state need to innovate policies in management and discover solutions to improve and perfect the transportation system. Ho Chi Minh City is the biggest nucleus of trading, science, technology, economy, finance of Vietnam. While transportation and communications play the momentous function in giving an impulse to economic-social development, the Ho Chi Minh City transportation system exists disadvantages and affect the growth of city. To find out possibilities for the Ho Chi Minh City transportation system, the researcher studied "Intelligent transportation system and the case of Ho Chi Minh City". This research is studied by using qualitative method, doing in-depth interviews from officials working in (1) Management Authority for Urban Railways of Ho Chi Minh City; (2) Department of Transportation and Communication of Ho Chi Minh City. The research revealed the role of government in transportation management, the change of strategy management in transportation to accord with the situation of current society. Strategy of transportation demand management is feasible for Ho Chi Minh City authorities to make policies in transportation and communication. The study then evaluates the need of building intelligent transportation and suggest appropriate solutions for Ho Chi Minh City transportation system. They are building smart car parks, electronic tickets, electronic toll collection system, traffic information collection two-stage left turn. The study also determined that Ho Chi Minh City needs to improve the transportation system first before applying intelligent transportation solutions.
Purpose of this paper is to identify the tendency of shrimp value chain development and impact of its governance on the small scale shrimp farmers in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach - Data from the shrimp farmers surveys in Mekong delta, Vietnam from 2008-2010 with the update information in 2014 were taken to analyse by the value chain analysis method. Findings – Traditional governance type of the shrimp value chain in the early state (before 2004) showed the different levels of coordination of farmers with collectors, among collectors, and collectors with processing plants. In this type of governance, trust and linkages are inextricably linked. However, they are not strong. The processing plants determine shrimp prices and quality requirement in the market while many collectors do not seem to be highly responsible for the quality of their products. To avoid this limitation, with the governmental support policy to improve farmers' income, the processing plants set up a direct buying from farmers under contracts. These contracts led to a new governance type with an expectation of improving farmers' position. However, this model was broken due to several reasons including un-controlled shrimp raw material from small scale and individual farmers. Consequently, processors now tend to establish their own raw material zone to comply shrimp quality assurance, and eject the existence of farmers. This will lead small scale farmers to very difficult problems in finding the market. Poverty and social problems of small scale farmers might appear. The result recommends a greater strengthening and tightening of the value chain. Re-organizing shrimp farmers into legal teams or groups that help farmers to re-participate in the game with others actor in the chain is crucial. Research limitations/implications - The research mainly follows inductive approach in which qualitative methods are dominant due to the difficulties of data collection for the quantitative analysis. ; Peer reviewed
Hatcheries, input dealers, farmers, collectors and processors are the primary actors of shrimp value chain in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) Vietnam, a sector that has many problems of disease, shrimp seed, environmental pollution, and management skills. Holding the strongest power in the shrimp value chain, the processors determine shrimp prices and set up requirements of shrimp quality and size in the market though quality control has not been completely implemented due to the limitations of financial capital, knowledge, awareness, as well as the quality of raw material supplied by collectors and farmers. Farmers stayed in the weakest position in the chain due to their small individual scale, and low skills. The results of the study show that most of the shrimp farmers stay out of vertical integration under farming contracts while the rest joined in the game without success. Contract farming seems not for small scale farmers who account for a large part in the MRD, and not interesting for producers who get success with their cultivation. Farmers prefer a non-contract option due to non-transparency of interest share as well as cost account. Food safety standards, decision No. 80/2002/QĐ-TTg, culture, trust, government structure, credit support and corruption are the main factors affecting farmers' integration chances. Floor price mechanism, risk sharing, small scale of the model of vertical integration and excess suppliers in the market, administrative misconception and inefficient public management are the main reasons of failures of contract farming of two case studies in the MRD. Planning and projection of shrimp production zones are therefore the priority matters to address. Furthermore, re-organizing shrimp farmers into legal teams or groups or cooperatives is also necessary to increase the size of the existing shrimp cultivation units in Vietnam in order to improve the sector.
Improving access to healthcare has been a consistent priority for Canadians. In particular, reducing patient waiting times for health services has been a prominent policy issue. Across the country, governments are using a range of strategies to reduce patient waiting times for care, with a particular focus on reducing waits for specialized services. Although information is emerging on waits for selected procedures, there is limited information on whether the utilization of services or waiting experiences of Canadians with health problems are different from those of the general population. Data from the Health Services Access Survey (2001–2005) were used to compare waiting experiences for specialized services between adults with health problems and healthier adults. The specialized services included specialist visits for a new illness or condition, non-emergency surgery and diagnostic tests. National-level estimates revealed that adults with health problems were more likely to self-report that they required specialized services. However, the median waiting times for these services were comparable to those of healthier adults.
This study focuses on assessing the technical efficiency of enterprises across 63 provinces of Vietnam from 2015 to 2018 and the factors affecting their technical efficiency, in which we focus on two factors: business diversification and ICT index. In this research, we use the DEA method to group effective and ineffective enterprises, then use the GMM method to estimate the factors affecting to the firm's performance. The research results show that the technical efficiency of enterprises in the provinces is quite small (about 10%), most of the enterprises have not achieved the technical efficiency due to the wasteful use of input factors. Research shows that business diversification and ICT both have a positive impact on efficiency, from which to increase technical efficiency, enterprises in provinces need to pay attention to business diversification and improve ICT index. in terms of the local government
The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of board independence on the relationship between ownership concentration and accounting conservatism. Using fixed-effect regressions for a sample of 165 Vietnamese listed companies from 2007 to 2017, the results revealed that the proportion of outstanding shares owned by the largest shareholder is negatively associated with accounting conservatism and board independence plays a moderating role in this relationship. Our results are robust after applying alternative measures of the largest ownership and correcting for potential endogeneity using fixed-effects regression with instrumental variables. Overall, our evidence shows that firms with concentrated ownership should keep a high non-executive ratio to maintain accounting conservatism. In other words, increasing the number of non-executive directors on boards in firms with a substantial proportion of shares held by the largest shareholder is likely to strengthen the information environment, giving financial reporting more credibility.JEL Classification: G30; G32. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-07 Full Text: PDF
Tuan Dinh Le,1,2,* Nga Phi Thi Nguyen,2 Hoa Thanh Thi Tran,3 Thuc Luong Cong,4,* Lan Ho Thi Nguyen,5 Binh Do Nhu,6 Son Tien Nguyen,2 Manh Van Ngo,7 Hoa Trung Dinh,8 Hien Thi Nguyen,9 Kien Trung Nguyen,10 Duc-Cuong Le7,11,* 1Center of Emergency, Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 2Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 3National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 6Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 7Postgraduate Training Management Department, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 8Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 9Department of Physiology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 10Department of Science Management, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 11Epidemiology-Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tuan Dinh LeCenter of Emergency, Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, 261 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Ha Noi, VietnamTel +840388166078Email letuan985@gmail.comDuc-Cuong LePostgraduate Training Management Department; Epidemiology-Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 373 Ly Bon Street, Ky Ba Ward, Thai Binh, VietnamTel +84 93 8042 668Email cuongldvn@gmail.comPurpose: This study was aimed at the prevalence, cardiovascular risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and the relationship between DPN and fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (fGLP-1) concentrations in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2D).Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 with a population of 473 nT2D. Screening for DPN was based on the United Kingdom screening test. fGLP-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The prevalence of DPN was 26.6%, in which mild grade was 17.3%, moderate grade was 8.2% and severe grade was 1.1% in total. Age (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12– 2.67, p = 0.012), smoking (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.03– 2.62, p = 0.037), poor control HbA1c (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.23– 5.76, p = 0.01), 24-h urinary albumin (24hUA) (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.26– 4.94, p = 0.007), and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.46– 6.89, p = 0.002) significantly increased the risk for DPN. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.16– 7.55, p = 0.023), triglyceride (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.11– 2.03, p = 0.009), albumin (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75– 0.95, p = 0.005), and fGLP-1 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67– 0.93, p = 0.005) correlated with DPN. The fGLP-1 concentrations were reduced significantly in DPN (p < 0.001). In particular, male patients with DPN had a significantly lower fGLP-1 levels than those without DPN (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of DPN among nT2D was 26.6%. Age, smoking, hypertension, HbA1c control, triglyceride, albumin, 24hUA, diabetic retinopathy were the associated risk factors of DPN, and fGLP-1 was negatively correlated with DPN (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.67– 0.93, p = 0.005).Keywords: newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular risk factors, glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations
This paper examines the influence of personal values and social norms on sustainable lifestyles in the Vietnamese context, a transition country. We built an integrated research model by combining social norms with personal values to test their effect on two sustainable behaviors, including water and energy use and sustainable mobility. A self-administration online survey was conducted to collect data. After four months, 385 valid responses were received. Structural equation modeling analysis was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Our findings reveal that water and energy use is positively influenced by biospheric values, egoistic values, and social norms. Moreover, sustainable mobility is positively affected by egoistic values and social norms. Notably, hedonic values have no impact on both water and energy use and sustainable mobility. As a result, this present study sheds light on the sustainable lifestyles of people in a transition economy and highlights the quest for more research on this topic in Vietnam. It is suggested that the government, policymakers, and other institutions should collaborate to implement social campaigns to promote sustainable lifestyles in Vietnam. Furthermore, the traditional cultural values should be notified to encourage young Vietnamese people to take action to protect the environment for our future generations.
Nowadays, Vietnam is known as a developing country with a fast-growing economy. Agriculture is the main traditional sector which plays an important role in Vietnamese economic growth and development. Improving the efficiency of agricultural production towards sustainable development is one of the country's national economic development goals. This study aims to measure the efficiency of the orange farms which have created jobs and improved living standards for people in Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. A comprehensive literature review, key informant interviews, and a structured questionnaire were applied in this research for data collection. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to evaluate the technical, allocative, cost, and scale efficiencies. The main results of this analysis show that the orange farms have high scores for technical and scale efficiencies. On the other hand, the research reveals low levels of cost and allocating efficiencies. This is in line with the fact that though the farms' owners have extensive experience in orange cultivation and receive periodic technical training, they still have low levels of education and a lack of economic management expertise. The study results also propose optimal input allocation for the orange farmers. The research could provide crucial information to farms' owners, the local government, and agricultural planners for formulating effective strategies to improve agricultural sustainability ; Peer reviewed
Nga Phi Thi Nguyen,1,2,* Thuc Luong Cong,3,4,* Thi Thanh Hoa Tran,5 Binh Nhu Do,6 Son Tien Nguyen,1,2 Binh Thanh Vu,7,* Lan Ho Thi Nguyen,8 Manh Van Ngo,9 Hoa Trung Dinh,10 Hoang Duong Huy,11 Nghia Xuan Vu,12 Kien Nguyen Trung,13 Duong Ngoc Vu,14 Nghia The Pham,14 Tuan Dinh Le2,15,* 1Department of Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Cardiovascular Center, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Cardiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Emergency Resuscitation Department, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 8Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 9Postgraduate Training Management Department, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 10Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 11Department of Neurology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 12Department of Blood Transfusion, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 13Department of Science Management, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam; 14Department of Imaging Diagnosis, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 15Center of Emergency, Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tuan Dinh Le, Center of Emergency, Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, 261 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84 388166078, Email letuan985@gmail.com Binh Thanh Vu, Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 373 Ly Bon Street, Ky Ba Ward, Thai Binh, Vietnam, Tel +84 334588298, Email binhvt@tbump.edu.vnIntroduction: Low albumin levels, high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and high white blood cell count were risk factors for changes in arterial intima-media thickness (IMT). Femoral artery IMT damages were one of the common peripheral artery type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to determine the association between femoral artery IMT and plasma albumin, hs-CRP levels, and white blood cell count in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2D).Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to May 2020, 306 patients with nT2D were recruited for this cross-sectional descriptive study at Vietnam's National Endocrinology Hospital. We measured IMT by Doppler ultrasound.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in albumin, hs-CRP levels, hs-CRP-to-albumin ratio, and white blood cell counts between three different IMT groups namely normal IMT, thick IMT, and atherosclerosis (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.049, respectively). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, white blood cell count, and hs-CRP levels showed a significantly positive correlation to IMT (standardized B and p of 0.17, 0.015 and 0.163, 0.024, respectively), but albumin levels were a significantly negative correlation to IMT (standardized B = – 0.151, p = 0.029). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that albumin (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.65– 0.90, p = 0.018), hs-CRP (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01– 1.18, p = 0.026), and white blood cell count (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03– 1.81, p = 0.033) had correlation to atherosclerosis of femoral artery.Conclusion: Reduced plasma albumin, elevated hs-CRP, and white blood cell count associated with IMT increased the odds for atherosclerosis of femoral artery among nT2D.Keywords: plasma albumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic plaque, femoral artery
AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the role of environmental toxicant exposure on children's development is an important area of inquiry in order to better understand contextual factors that shape development and ultimately school readiness among young children. There is evidence suggesting negative links between exposure to environmental toxicants and negative physical health outcomes (i.e. asthma, allergies) in children. However, research on children's exposure to environmental toxicants and other developmental outcomes (cognitive, socioemotional) is limited.ObjectivesThe goal of the current review was to assess the existing literature on the links between environmental toxicants (excluding heavy metals) and children's cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral development among young children.MethodsThis literature review highlights research on environmental toxicants (i.e. pesticide exposure, bisphenol A, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco smoke, polychlorinated biphenyls, flame retardants, phthalates and gas pollutions) and children's development across multiple domains.ResultsThe results highlight the potential risk of exposure to multiple environmental toxicants for young children's cognitive and socioemotional development.DiscussionDiscussion will focus on the role of environmental toxicants in the cognitive and socioemotional development of young children, while highlighting gaps in the existing literature.
