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This study employs a phenomenological approach to examine inter-ethnic marriages among low-income families in Srinagar, Kashmir, by looking at the factors that lead to these marriages and the ways in which they are negotiated. By doing so, the study's goal is to put the spouses' pre-marital experiences in context. Participants were recruited using snowball and purposive sampling techniques determined by theoretical sampling. The broader results of the study found that some males only seek such marriages when they fail to find a spouse from their own Kashmiri ethnic background because of their socially disadvantaged position like poverty, physical disability or being over-aged. Under these circumstances, the other option they consider is going for inter-ethnic marriages, which in the present context, entails seeking wives from outside mainland Kashmir belonging to other ethnic groups, while the reasons operating from the female spouse participants were widespread poverty and the desire to avoid dowry.

This research article examines the historical context and significance of the unique currency produced by the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir during the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1877. At the time, the state displayed significant autonomy and separate governance by printing its own money in denominations ranging from ₹1 to ₹1,000. The currency release occurred during the month of Vaishakh on the Vikram Samvat 1934 calendar, highlighting the incorporation of regional traditional activities into administrative functions. These notes were primarily used for the payment of land revenue and other governmental dues, thus playing a crucial role in the state's financial management. Featuring signatures from several competent authorities, including prominent figures like Diwan Kirpa Ram, the notes bore significant symbolic and administrative value. Additionally, specific notes highlighted cultural elements, such as the name of Mahesh Chander Vishvas in Nagari script, reflecting the state's rich cultural identity and administrative sophistication. This initiative by the Princely State underlines its organised administrative structure and cultural integration within its financial practices.

This study was aimed at finding reasons for non- participation of J&K players at world & Olympic level it was carried out with a group of 90 national & 30 international players who were at peak performance level at their tenure. A self-made questionnaire was developed to measure the most important reasons for non-participation of J&K players at world & Olympic level. Among the reasons were cited were lack of sport facilities, political factors, Sports organizing authorities (J&K State sports Council, Directorate of Youth Services & Sports, Directorate of Physical Education & Sports University of J&K, and Associations & State Government) and player himself to some extent. Based on the results of the study, a number of recommendations were made for education managers and sport administrators & concern government. Contributions of the study were highlighted and suggestions for further research made. Results: The results of the study were that the sports organizing authorities, Sports facilities & associations were responsible for non-participation of J&K players at world & Olympic level.

Background: Skin is the single largest organ of the body that protects against mechanical trauma, radiation and infection. Because of its complexity a wide range of diseases can develop from the skin ranging from infectious diseases to malignancy, some of which may present as non-healing ulcers. Non healing ulcers are an important cause of morbidity in developing countries. Study of non-healing skin ulcers is challenging and at times even frustrating than any other skin lesions. This study was taken keeping in view the present scenario were patient with non-healing ulcers go unnoticed for a long time without biopsy resulting in uncertainty of developing malignancy which can otherwise be identified at a very early stage by early histopathological examination. Aim: Aim of this study was to study the histopathological outcome of non-healing ulcers in this geographical area where much is not known about the etiology of non-healing ulcers. Methodology: This study was hospital based two years prospective study extending from January 2016 to December 2017 conducted in Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Srinagar. During this period patients referred from peripheral hospitals with ulcers that had not healed for 4 weeks or more after conventional therapies were included in this study. The detailed history and clinical examination findings were retrieved from the case files. Biopsies received were processed as per the standard protocol and slides were examined by the senior pathologist in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Srinagar. Results: During the two years period department received biopsies from 282 patients with non-healing ulcers. Out of 282 patients 180 were males and 102 were females with a M:F ratio of 1.76:1. 0ut of the 282 cases 100 (35.46%) were diagnosed as malignant ulcers and 182(64.54%) were diagnosed as benign ulcers (Table 1). Out of the 282 cases, 70 cases (24.82%) were found to be neuropathic diabetic ulcers, 52 (18.43%) were diagnosed as tubercular ulcers, 44 ...

This paper, in general, discusses the relation between the state and local religions in Indonesia. There is no doubt that Indonesia is one of the countries which has local religions or beliefs with a considerable number of followers, so that the state needs to protect of the followers of these religions. However, after the passing of the government regulation on the recognition of particular official religions in the country, various issues related to formally unrecognized religions began to emerge, including discrimination by the government, especially in administrative matters, as well as social discrimination by the community that denies their existence. Various methods are used by the state to minimize the discriminatory attitudes by issuing multiple regulations and policies, but still it is not considered satisfactory to satisfy all parties, especially those who have been discriminated.