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This chapter examines the framing of transparency as a governmental reform policy in the US-American context. It concentrates on the Obama administration's government transparency policy, the Open Government Initiative and related policies, rather than on targeted transparency policies imposed on corporations or other private organizations to reduce risks or improve performance (on the latter cf. Fung et al., 2007). It is attentive to the 'usages', the purposes and functions, of transparency rather than seeing transparency as a basic right and intrinsic value (on the latter cf. Stiglitz, 1999). This however neither implies that transparency can be used as a means to any end nor that there is no underlying political philosophy or public administration theory behind a government's notion(s) of transparency.

AbstractBackgroundPrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is commonly associated with intellectual disability, but also with a specific behavioural phenotype and a high predisposition to psychiatric comorbidity. This study examines the psychiatric care situation of people with PWS.MethodA structured online questionnaire was administered to carers of people with PWS living in Germany, asking about demographic, diagnostic and treatment parameters as well as personal experiences.ResultsOf 77 people with PWS, 44.2% had at least one psychiatric comorbid diagnosis. The main reasons for seeking psychiatric care were emotional outbursts and aggressive behaviour. 34.9% reported that they were currently seeking psychiatric care without success. However, 32.5% of PWS had been treated with psychotropic medication, mainly antipsychotics.ConclusionsPsychiatric comorbidity appears to be undertreated in PWS, especially in the ambulatory setting. Uncertainty among mental health care providers may also lead to frequent off‐label use of psychotropic medications.