Suchergebnisse

This paper reviews the literature and proposes the latest fastest and cheaper ways of imparting universal quality education at the primary school level in developing countries. Literature review shows that blending e-tools in the present way of learning is helpful in improving the standard of education at the national and international levels. At present time, different ways of learning are available in the world, like virtual universities, distant education, privately appearing in examinations, online papers, etc. According to the MDGs report, Goal 2 is: Achieve Universal Primary Education: Ensure that all the boys and girls complete primary school by 2015. It is found that the education and training systems of all the nations make vulnerable the future of millions of children and of the nation itself. In developing countries villages where schools are available, enrolments are there, in spite of that there is no productivity because there something is lacking in teachers and society. Efforts made by government and donors agencies are encouraging but not enough; it is also found that with available resources by proper innovation and blending with information technology productivity can be improved, so for this, a model is proposed, which will be helpful to meet the MDG-2.

In this article attempt has been made to analyze the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) announced by the present regime and donors' funds disbursement. The main objective of the article is to suggest the best possible transparent way of disbursing funds allocated by the Government as well as donor Agencies. Literature review reveals that there exist some technical problems in the disbursement of funds to the deserving persons, who are badly in need of these funds. Information is collected through informal interviews of various beneficiaries while secondary data for this article is collected for the sole purpose of analyzing the factual position relating to disbursement of funds. The study indicates that at present NADRA and e-SAHULAT could be the best utilized for transparent disbursement of funds as well as deposition of utility bills by re-charging the beneficiaries Accounts in real time. Process control system mostly recharges the deposited transactions on the same day, but input transactions must be processed quickly enough to enable the results to be used as feed back information.

The main objective of this study is to find impact of Telecom foreign direct investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per capita and cellular subscriber on Tele-density growth in Pakistan. It is well known fact that Tele-density growth has been observed in Pakistan during last few years. It happened due to privatization, market independence, increase in real GDP per capita income, increase in subscribers and flexible government policies. This is an exploratory research based on the secondary data. The research model embedded in this study is extracted from linear regression that enables us to measure the impact of explanatory variables on Tele-density growth. These variables used in this model are Telecom FDI, real per Capita GDP and Number of Cellular subscribers of Pakistan. Time series data of last 15 years i.e. from 1997 to 2011 was analyzed. The chosen model has been verified with the results, the model is overall significant with probability (F-statistic) = 0.01. On the other hand, two explanatory variables (Telecom FDI and GDP per Capita) show insignificant impact on Tele-density growth. Only one explanatory variable (cellular subscriber) has significant impact on Tele-density growth. Results can set the stage for future research, with the exception of the privatization strategy, governmental and non-governmental stakeholders agreed on all strategies.

Livelihood depends upon development, which directly or indirectly needs intervention of Government, NGOs and Community Organizations, etc. Diversification widens people's options, encourages spatially diverse transactions, increases cash in circulation in rural areas, and enhances human capital by providing those who diversify with new skills and experiences. People living in country are highly skilled can transform the available resources into something usable for consumption. Microcredit programmes have brought the vibrancy of the market economy to the poorest villages and the people of the World. This business approach to alleviation of poverty has allowed millions of individuals to work their way out of poverty with dignity. The contribution made by livelihood diversification to rural livelihoods is a significant one, which has often been ignored by policy makers. As Pakistan is also a developing country, that is why, we need to identify reasons. To keep these things in mind attempt has been made to identify the reasons of poverty as special objective; and to identify strategies made by country for the reduction of poverty and its consequences. This study is an exploratory research.