Suchergebnisse

Background: Psychiatry's evidence-, implementation-, and treatment-gaps. Aims: The aim of this study is to uncover current trends and gaps in psychiatric research. Understanding where psychiatric research is going and where there might be blind spots is important to better align it with global mental health challenges and with service users' needs. Method: 10 top-ranking scientific journals (highest impact factors) in psychiatry were identified for 3 years (1999, 2009, 2019) using Clarivate Analytics. Metadata of all papers published by these journals in the index years were downloaded, and the relevance and relatedness of terms from all titles and abstracts were computed and visualized using VOSviewer. Results: In 1999, prominent themes included schizophrenia and novel antipsychotics as well as research on families. Ten and 20 years later, neurobiological research, especially genetic and animal studies, had gained importance. Social and psychological themes were less present across all three time points. Conclusions: In high-ranking psychiatric journals, neurobiological research appears to gain importance while social themes are under-represented. In view of challenges such as implementation gaps, marginalization of people with severe mental illness and mental health risks through social inequality, there seems to be a dissociation between research and patient needs. We suggest a systems approach to bring together different kinds of knowledge.

Background: T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and A. Ginsberg's Howl are two landmark poems of the 20th century which have a unique way of dealing with emotional suffering. Aims: (a) To explore the interplay between emotional suffering, conflicting relationships and societal perceptions; (b) to show the therapeutic effect of the writing process; (c) to analyse the portrayal of 'madness'; and (d) to discuss, in contemporary psychiatric terms, the 'solutions' offered by the poets. Method: Qualitative research with a narrative, hermeneutic approach. Results: Against the background of wartime/genocide and postwar disillusionment, close relationships are projected onto societal perceptions. Concepts of (self-)control, compassion, empowerment and self-efficacy are offered as solutions to overcome feelings of despair. Conclusion: In a time of perceived societal and environmental crises, both poems help us understand people's fears and how to counteract them. Besides biological approaches, the narrative approach to the suffering human being has not lost its significance.

In 2015, the world saw 244 million international migrants. Migration has been shown to be both a protective and a risk factor for mental health, depending on circumstances. Furthermore, culture has an impact on perceptions and constructions of mental illness and identity, both of which can be challenged through migration. Using a qualitative research approach, we analysed five internationally acclaimed and influential novels and one theatre play that focus on aspects of identity, migration, and threatened mental health. As a mirror of society, fiction can help to understand perceptions of identity and mental suffering on an intrapsychic and societal level, while at the same time society itself can be influenced by works of fiction. Fiction is also increasingly used for didactic purposes in medical education. We found that the works of fiction discussed embrace a multifaceted biopsychosocial concept of mental illness. Constructs such as unstable premigration identity, visible minority status (in the host country) and identity confusion in second-generation migrants are conceptualised as risk factors for mental illness. Factors portrayed as protective comprised a stable premigration identity, being safe with a family member or good friend, (romantic) love, therapeutic writing, art, and the concept of time having an element of simultaneousness. This literature challenges the idiocentric model of identity. Analysing fictional texts on migration experiences can be a promising hypothesis-generating approach for further research.

The chemical bulk reductive covalent functionalization of thin-layer black phosphorus (BP) using BP intercalation compounds has been developed. Through effective reductive activation, covalent functionalization of the charged BP by reaction with organic alkyl halides is achieved. Functionalization was extensively demonstrated by means of several spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations; the products showed higher functionalization degrees than those obtained by neutral routes. ; A.H. and G.A. acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 742145 B‐PhosphoChem to A.H., and ERC Starting Grant 2D‐PnictoChem 804110 to G.A.) for support. The research leading to these results was partially funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship. G.A. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from "la Caixa" Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI18/11630018). G.A. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; FLAG‐ERA AB694/2‐1), the Generalitat Valenciana (SEJI/2018/034 grant), and the FAU (Emerging Talents Initiative grant #WS16‐17_Nat_04) for support. A.H. and A.G. thank the SFB 953 "Synthetic Carbon Allotropes" funded by the DFG for support and the Cluster of Excellence "Engineering of Advanced Materials". A.G. is grateful for funding from the Free State of Bavaria (Research Network "Solar Technologies go Hybrid"). A.M. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. This work was supported by the MINECO (Spain) through the Excellence Unit María de Maeztu (MDM‐2015‐0538) and the Project CTQ2017‐86735‐P.