Suchergebnisse

Legal standards for liability of commercial sellers & social providers of alcoholic beverages are affected by social norms concerning accountability & responsibility. Using a nationwide probability sample telephone survey of 7,021 US residents, we conducted a randomized experiment in which each subject was asked to respond to multiple vignettes. The vignettes told stories of drinking situations, systematically varying dimensions concerning age of drinker, commercial vs social settings, amount of alcohol consumed, history of previous behavior, & seriousness of damage or injury following drinking. Analyses involved linear mixed (ie, random effects) model regressions, using responses to vignettes as the outcome variable, controlling for a series of sociodemographic, behavioral, & attitudinal measures. Results showed that age of drinker (young), setting (bar), & previous behavior (history of irresponsibility) were most strongly associated with harsher judgments of civil liability. Citizens' multiple standards for assigning legal liability & implications for public policy are discussed. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 1 Appendix, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

The NRMN STAR program was created to address the persistent underrepresenta­tion in grant submissions and receipt of National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards by racial/ethnic minority groups. In our current study, we assessed program impact on trainees' self-efficacy related to grant writing. The program was conducted with two cohorts: one in June 2014 and one in June 2015. We used a 19-item grant writing self-efficacy scale drawn from the 88-item Clinical Research Assessment Inventory of three domains (conceptualizing, designing, and funding a study) to predict whether self-efficacy influences researchers' grant submissions. Trainees were assessed prior to and following program completion with subsequent assessments at 6 and 12 months beyond participation. The majority of trainees were Black (62%), female (62%), and had obtained a PhD (90%). More than half (52%) were assistant professors and 57% had none or <1 year of research experience beyond postdoctoral training. However, 24% of trainees reported no postdoctoral research training. NRMN STAR trainees' self-efficacy significantly improved on all three domains exhibiting a 2.0-point mean change score on two domains (conceptualizing and design) and 3.7 point mean change score on the domain, funding a study. Findings suggest that NRMN's STAR provides impactful, confidence-building training for diverse, early stage investigators with little-to-no skills, experiences, or low self-efficacy in writing research grants. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):75-82; doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.75