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AbstractThe impact of the government commodity program, crop insurance, disaster aid, and optional paid land diversion on net return risk for corn and soybeans is examined. Results indicate that most preferred risk management strategies include crop insurance for corn in northeast Kansas whether disaster aid is available or not. Crop insurance for soybeans is generally not preferred. Participation in the optional paid diversion program is a preferred risk management strategy for extremely risk averse producers. Willingness to pay analysis indicates that moderately and strongly risk averse producers would be willing to pay more for crop insurance when disaster aid and the optional paid land diversion for corn are not available. Risk averse corn producers would be willing to pay more for crop insurance than disaster aid as well.

Purpose: The main focus is on the export and import of agricultural products in the EU in the years 2002-2017 outside the EU (extra-EU). Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper investigates the impact of EU (European Union) enlargement on food trade using descriptive statistics. First, EU-28 exports, imports, and trade balance of agricultural products outside the EU (extra-EU) are presented for 2002-2017. Findings: The trade balance between EU countries for food, beverages, and tobacco are also presented. Accession has led to the elimination of trade tariffs and accelerated improvements in trade. The most exported products by EU countries were alcoholic beverages (spirits and liquors, wine, and vermouth), bakery products, and wheat. Most of the export of agri-food products is directed to other EU countries, Russia, China, and various countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Imports to EU countries comprised mostly of vegetables and fruits, coffee, tea, cocoa, and various fish products. Practical implications: The results will fill in the gap concerning the food trade of agricultural products in the EU. Originality/Value: The new information about extra EU trade of agricultural products and a GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic) model was presented. ; peer-reviewed

Halyomorpha halys (Stal), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a globally invasive stink bug species. Its first major outbreak was in the United States, where it has caused millions of dollars in damage, threatened livelihoods of specialty crop growers and impacted row crop growers, and become an extreme nuisance pest in and around dwellings. The BMSB IPM Working Group, funded by the Northeastern IPM Center, was central to providing a mechanism to form a multidisciplinary team and develop initial and subsequent research, Extension, regulatory and consumer priorities. Ultimately, a project team consisting of over 50 scientists from 11 institutions in 10 states obtained the largest ever USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative CAP grant, totaling over $10.7 million, to tackle this crisis over a 5-yr period (2011-2016). Researchers and Extension educators integrated stakeholder feedback throughout the course of the project, and priorities evolved according to needs of affected growers and public stakeholders. Initially, the team focused on identification of H. halys, its damage symptoms and crop-specific risks, and short-term mitigation strategies for crop protection. Subsequently, work focused on its biology, ecology, and behavior leading to the development of potential longer-term IPM tactics and landscape level management solutions, including biological control. This work continues under a second SCRI CAP grant (2016-2021). The information from the initial team reached an estimated 22,000 specialty crop stakeholder contacts via Extension efforts, and over 600 million people via mainstream media. We highlight the main lessons learned from coordinating a national response to the threat posed by H. halys to agriculture in the United States. ; USDA NIFAUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [SCRI 2011-51181-30937, SCRI 2016-51181-25409]; Northeast SARE Grant [LNE14-334]; USDA-ARS Project [808021000-024-00-D]; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry ; Mention of a concept, idea, trade name, or commercial product in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. This work was funded, in part, by USDA NIFA SCRI 2011-51181-30937, USDA-NIFA-SCRI 2016-51181-25409, Northeast SARE Grant LNE14-334, USDA-ARS Project 808021000-024-00-D, and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee