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Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Legislation -- Introduction -- 1. Historical Background -- I. Symbolic Malacca -- II. The Constitution of Malacca and the Malay Concept of Monarchy -- III. The Colonial Constitutional Experience: The Residential System -- IV. Federalisation -- V. The Malayan Union -- VI. The Federation of Malaya -- VII. The Reid Commission -- VIII. The Commission's Report and the Constitutional Debates -- IX. The Creation of Malaysia -- X. Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 2. Executive Power and the Configuration of the State -- I. Introduction -- II. Constitutional Structure Of The Executive Power -- III. Privatisation And The Public-Private Interface -- IV. Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 3. The Social Contract -- I. Explanation of the Concept and its Origins -- II. The May 13 Incident and the 'Rukunegara' Amendments -- III. The Social Contract: Implementation and Critiques -- Further Reading -- 4. Parliamentary Democracy in a Plural Society -- I. Introduction -- II. Elections and the Composition of the Dewan Rakyat -- III. Political Parties and the Political Process -- IV. Parliamentary Process -- V. Parliamentary Accountability -- VI. Parliamentary Committees -- VII. The Dewan Negara -- VIII. Legislation and Emergency Powers -- IX. Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 5. Territorial Governance: Monarchy and the State Constitutions -- I. Introduction -- II. The Powers and Position of the Rulers -- III. State Government Formation and the Limits of Royal Powers -- IV. The Conference of Rulers -- V. Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 6. Territorial Governance: Federal, State and Local Government -- I. Introduction -- II. Federal and State Powers: A Measure of Autonomy -- III. Federal and State Finance -- IV. Asymmetry and the Special Position of Sabah And Sarawak -- V. Local Government.

At dusk, on a warm evening in 2016, a group of forty men gathered in the corner of a dusty field on a farm outside Parys in the Free State. Some were in fury. Others treated the whole thing as a joke - a game. The events of the next two hours would come to haunt them all. They would rip families apart, prompt suicide attempts, breakdowns, divorce, bankruptcy, threats of violent revenge and acts of unforgivable treachery. These Are Not Gentle People is the story of that night, and of what happened next. It's a murder story, a courtroom drama, a profound exploration of collective guilt and individual justice, and a fast-paced literary thriller. Award-winning foreign correspondent and author Andrew Harding traces the impact of one moment of collective barbarism on a fragile community - exploding lies, cover-ups, political meddling and betrayals, and revealing the inner lives of those involved with extraordinary clarity. The book is also a mesmerising examination of a small town trying to cope with a trauma that threatens to tear it in two - as such, it is as much a journey into the heart of modern South Africa as it is a gripping tale of crime, punishment and redemption. When a whole community is on trial, who pays the price? --

Preliminary Material /Andrew Harding -- Chapter 1. Access to Environmental Justice: Some Introductory Perspectives /Andrew Harding -- Chapter 2. Access to Environmental Justice in Ghana (Accra) /James S. Read -- Chapter 3. Access to Environmental Justice in India's Garden City (Bangalore) /Amanda Perry-Kessaris -- Chapter 4. Access to Environmental Justice in Indonesia /Adriaan Bedner -- Chapter 5. Access to Environmental Justice in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) /Andrew Harding and Azmi Sharom -- Chapter 6. Access to Environmental Justice in a Politically Unstable Environment: a Case Study of Nepal /Surya Subedi -- Chapter 7. Access to Environmental Justice: Karachi's Urban Poor and the Law /Martin Lau -- Chapter 8. Towards a Greener China? Accessing Environmental Justice in the People's Republic of China /Michael Palmer -- Chapter 9. Access to Environmental Justice in the South West Pacific /Nicola Pain -- Chapter 10. Access to Environmental Justice and Public Participation in Thailand /Thawilwadee Bureekul -- Chapter 11. Access to Environmental Justice in United Kingdom Law /Jean-Jacques Paradissis and Michael Purdue -- Chapter 12. Access to Environmental Justice in the United States: Embracing Environmental and Social Concerns to Achieve Environmental Justice by J. Mijin Cha /Andrew Harding -- A Note on Environmental Law-Enforcement Duties /Andrew Harding -- Index /Andrew Harding.

This Country Report on Malaysia has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present report provides an overview of the system of local government in Malaysia. To access the full version of this report , the various practices in the five above-mentioned areas of interest, and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry represents the general introduction of the LoGov Report on Malaysia providing an overview to the system of local government in the country. To access the full version of the report on Malaysia, the various practices in the five above-mentioned areas of interest, and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses local responsibilities and public services in Malaysia. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Malaysia. To access the full version of the report on Malaysia, other practices regarding local responsibilities and public services and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses local responsibilities and public services in Malaysia. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Malaysia. To access the full version of the report on Malaysia, other practices regarding local responsibilities and public services and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.