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This paper critically examines the war songs and poems of men who fought in the post 9/11 Afghanistan war. The study locates the analysis within the socio-cultural influences that left an impact on the 'manly' soldiers, allowing a 'micro mapping' of masculinity to be revealed in these men's writings. Using thematic analysis techniques, fifty war songs and poemsfrom the years 2007 and 2008 are analyzed through the lens of masculinity and its performance. The critical investigation of the war songs and poems found that the performative dimension of masculinities in war spread around the themes of youth warriors; weapons; arms and war machinery; state of politics and need for an Islamic government; the motif of red color; and glorification of death. The religion Islam, their homeland Afghanistan and its traditional culture constantly act as a fuel to evoke overpowering emotions for the soldiers and their passion for fighting. It is furthermore found that the locally constructed masculinities informed the context ofthe Afghanistan War. This has implications for the way we understand masculinities especially in war poetry. As the paper demonstrates, the multiple ways in which the notion of masculinity is manifested in war poems point to the need to break free from the stereotypical understandings of warriors from conservative religious backgrounds.

This paper critically examines the war songs and poems of men who fought in the post 9/11 Afghanistan war. The study locates the analysis within the socio-cultural influences that left an impact on the 'manly' soldiers, allowing a 'micro mapping' of masculinity to be revealed in these men's writings. Using thematic analysis techniques, fifty war songs and poemsfrom the years 2007 and 2008 are analyzed through the lens of masculinity and its performance. The critical investigation of the war songs and poems found that the performative dimension of masculinities in war spread around the themes of youth warriors; weapons; arms and war machinery; state of politics and need for an Islamic government; the motif of red color; and glorification of death. The religion Islam, their homeland Afghanistan and its traditional culture constantly act as a fuel to evoke overpowering emotions for the soldiers and their passion for fighting. It is furthermore found that the locally constructed masculinities informed the context ofthe Afghanistan War. This has implications for the way we understand masculinities especially in war poetry. As the paper demonstrates, the multiple ways in which the notion of masculinity is manifested in war poems point to the need to break free from the stereotypical understandings of warriors from conservative religious backgrounds. ; Este artículo examina de forma crítica las canciones de guerra y los poemas de hombres que lucharon en la guerra afgana posterior al 11/9. El estudio ubica el análisis dentro de las influencias socioculturales que dejaron un impacto en los soldados-hombre, permitiendo que se revelara un "micro mapa" de la masculinidad en los escritos de estos hombres. Usando técnicas de análisis temático, se analizaron cincuenta canciones de guerra y poemas de los años 2007 y 2008 a través del lente del desarrollo de la masculinidad. La investigación sobre las canciones y poemas de guerra encontró que la dimensión performativa de las masculinidades en la guerra se extiende alrededor de los temas de los guerreros jóvenes; armas; armas y maquinaria de guerra; estado de la política y necesidad de un gobierno islámico; el motivo del color rojo; y glorificación de la muerte. La religión del Islam, su tierra natal Afganistán y su cultura tradicional actúan de forma constante como un combustible para evocar emociones abrumadoras para los soldados y su pasión por la lucha. Se observa que las masculinidades construidas localmente informan sobre el contexto de la guerra afgana. Esto tiene implicaciones en la forma en que entendemos las masculinidades especialmente en la poesía de guerra. Como demuestra el artículo, las múltiples formas en que se manifiesta la noción de masculinidad en los poemas de guerra apuntan a la necesidad de liberarse de las comprensiones estereotipadas de guerreros de contextos religiosos conservadores.

AbstractDrawing from social exchange theory, this study investigates how and when supervisor evasive knowledge hiding might lead to lower job performance by employees. The hypotheses were tested with three‐round survey data, collected among employees and peers in various industries. Employees' perceptions that their supervisor engages in deceptive knowledge hiding undermine their own performance‐enhancing efforts because they develop career plateau beliefs; this explanatory role is particularly salient among employees exposed to despotic leadership. This study pinpoints a notable risk for employees who feel upset when they believe a despotic supervisor is intentionally concealing knowledge: They grow disappointed with their career situation, which prompts them to adopt complacent behavioral responses that likely render it even more challenging to access valuable supervisor knowledge.

AbstractThis study aims to establish how employees' experiences of workplace embitterment may direct them away from voluntary efforts to help coworkers, mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by religiosity. Three rounds of survey data, collected from employees and their supervisors in various Pakistani organizations, reveal that a sense of being emotionally overburdened by work links rancorous feelings due to negative work events with tarnished helping behavior, mitigated by employees' ability to draw on their religious faith. As an original contribution, this research addresses the effect of an actually felt negative emotion (workplace embitterment), instead of a source of emotional hardship, on employees' propensity to halt extra‐role work efforts; it also describes how the personal resource of religiosity influences this process.

AbstractBuilding on social exchange theory and attribution theory, this study unpacks the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational politics and job performance, considering the mediating effect of career plateau beliefs and the moderating effect of leader interpersonal unfairness. The findings provide empirical support for the theoretical predictions. An important reason for which perceptions of dysfunctional organizational politics reduce job performance is that employees develop beliefs that opportunities for their career development are limited. This mediating role of career plateau beliefs is particularly salient to the extent that employees are exposed to organizational leaders who treat them with disrespect. Organizations can mitigate the risk that highly politicized decision‐making processes lead to negative performance outcomes by stimulating fair interpersonal relationships.

This research examined the indirect effects of hindrance stressors on work‐family conflict and job disengagement through emotional exhaustion, moderated by employees' political skills. Data were collected from 218 employees (64% male, 36% female) working in public and private universities in Pakistan. The findings indicated that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between hindrance stressors and both study outcomes (i.e., work‐family conflict and job disengagement). In addition, the indirect relationship between the employees' hindrance stressors and both study outcomes through emotional exhaustion was moderated by their political skills such that the indirect effect was weaker at higher levels of political skills.