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Contents -- About the Author -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. A Theoretical Model for Wealth in an Era of Immigration -- Chapter 3. Wealth Distribution, An Overview -- Chapter 4. Assets and Debts Among Latino Immigrants -- Chapter 5. Assets and Debts Among Asian Immigrants -- Chapter 6. Assets and Debts Among Black Immigrants -- Chapter 7. Wealth Stratification, Assimilation, and Wealth Attainment -- Chapter 8. Contextual Conditions of Wealth Attainment -- Chapter 9. Looking Ahead: Immigration, Stratification, and Assimilation

This paper posits that rural migration feeds the high demand for cheap labor in peri-urbanization, which is driven by globalization, flows of foreign capital, and entrepreneurial local governments. While the gravity model and push/pull perspective ignore the dynamics of migratory course, we use the cumulative causation of migration theory to conceptualize social expectations for outmigration and social resources from migrant networks in destinations. Four major findings are drawn from this demographic analysis based on micro data from China's 2000 Census. First, the expectation of outmigration significantly increases outmigration, and this effect is independent of push factors. Second, foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to attracting rural labor migrants from other provinces to peri-urban areas as it does to cities. Third, social resources from migrant networks play an important role in attracting rural labor migrants to both city and noncity destinations. Fourth, the importance of wage differentials declines in gravitating rural labor migrants to peri-urban areas. These findings provide tentative evidence that rural labor migration is indispensable during initial peri-urbanization. Infused with flows of FDI and entrepreneurial local governments, rural migration has created a favorable initial condition for peri-urbanization.

This study hypothesizes nativity differences in the process of wealth accumulation with regards to accumulation rates, dissaving rates, the role of human capital, saving intention for children, and structural barriers to wealth accumulation. Based on an analysis of the 1992 and 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), it reports four major findings. First, levels of net worth, life cycle patterns, and wealth components are primarily stratified by national origin and race-ethnicity rather than by nativity. Second, when immigrants' adult years in the United States are taken into account, the life cycle pattern of wealth of the post-1965 immigrants catches up with that of natives within 22 years of arrival and then overtakes natives. Third, the process of wealth accumulation is similar for immigrants and natives in all but two respects – for immigrants, education is discounted and adult years in the United States matter. Lastly, spatial segregation has a uniform negative effect on wealth for both immigrants and natives.

Theories in sociology and other social sciences often postulate reciprocal causal relationships. Yamaguchi advanced a model for the interdependence of two discrete-time, discrete-state endogenous processes. The Yamaguchi model is introduced with a discussion of its advantages over conventional methods and a comparison with recently developed relevant models. To overcome the obstacle that existing statistical software cannot directly estimate the Yamaguchi model, the author has developed a method that converts estimated parameters from standard multinomial logit estimation into parameters of the Yamaguchi model. This method makes it possible and easier for researchers to estimate the Yamaguchi model using standard statistical software and a simple programming of linear transformation. The method is simple and straightforward and thus merits application to an analysis of interdependence with panel data. This article also provides a detailed empirical example to illustrate an application of the method.

This article examines the effect of China's 1999 acceleration of higher education expansion on when college graduates find their first skilled job. We use a natural experiment to test our hypotheses and exploit the unique education and work history data of a nationally representative survey, as well as estimate a causal inference model. We find that the 1999 education expansion caused a delay in the landing of a skilled job among graduates from technical colleges, while graduates from four-year colleges were not affected in job acquisition. We also find that family origins and individual social positions are significant determinants of who entered college both before and after the education expansion. These findings shed new light on the workings of early adulthood and on social inequality in China.

This paper seeks to identify the major sources of unequal cognitive development of middle school students in China's current rural–urban migration era. Under a framework that integrates theories of social stratification, migration, and sociology of education, we utilize data on a nationally representative sample of 9th graders and a standardized cognitive test to provide valid population patterns and explanations of cognitive development inequality. Our regression decomposition helps disentangle the sources of group disparities between the predictor levels and the predictor effects. Our analysis reveals that the old order of inequality created by household registration ( hukou) has been complicated by rural–urban migration. Inequality has increased for rural- hukou students, with the most dramatic differences occurring among children of migrants, depending upon the child's migrant status. Our regression decomposition analysis results point to the effectiveness of the school learning environment as the chief source of cognitive development inequality. We discuss implications for policy interventions to foster and ensure an equal education for all students.