Suchergebnisse

"Begging, thought to be an inherently un-Swedish phenomenon, became a national fixture in the 2010s as homeless Romanian and Bulgarian Roma EU citizens arrived in Sweden seeking economic opportunity. People without shelter were forced to use public spaces as their private space, disturbing aesthetic and normative orders, creating anxiety among Swedish subjects and resulting in hate crimes and everyday racism. Parallel with Europe's refugee crisis in the 2010s, the "begging question" peaked. The presence of the media's so-called EU migrants caused a crisis in Swedish society along political, juridical, moral, and social lines due to the contradiction embodied in the Swedish authorities' denial of social support to them while simultaneously seeking to maintain the nation's image as promoting welfare, equality, and antiracism. In The Begging Question Erik Hansson argues that the material configurations of capitalism and class society are not only racialized but also unconsciously invested with collective anxieties and desires. By focusing on Swedish society's response to the begging question, Hansson provides insight into the dialectics of racism. He shrewdly deploys Marxian economics and Lacanian psychoanalysis to explain how it became possible to do what once was thought impossible: criminalize begging and make fascism politically mainstream, in Sweden. What Hansson reveals is not just an insight into one of the most captivating countries on earth but also a timely glimpse into what it means to be human."--Provided by publisher.

Sedan 2011 måste en grundskoleelev uppvisa simkunnighet för sin idrottslärare för att erhålla ett betyg i idrott och hälsa, vilket definieras som att kunna simma 200 meter varav 50 på rygg. Skolan ska också bedriva simundervisning men det är inte statuerat hur många timmar som ska läggas ned på detta eller när. I en kvalitativ enkätstudie med 111 ansvariga (huvudsakligen idrotts-) lärare i grundskolor över landet framkommer en tydlig ojämlikhet gällande lärares och skolors förutsättningar att bedriva simundervisning. Ett tidsgeografiskt perspektiv illustrerar hur simundervisning är en unik typ av undervisningsprojekt som tenderar kräva mer tid och resurser i anspråk av lärare än andra moment. Elever med utom-euroamerikanskt påbrå och sämre socioekonomisk bakgrund verkar vara överrepresenterade som i behov av skolans simundervisning samtidigt som dessa också har svårt med andra ämnen. Den ojämna fördelningen av elevunderlag mellan skolor, liksom faktiskt avstånd till närmaste bassäng eller antal bassänger som delas med andra skolor påverkar förutsättningarna liksom skolledningens och kommunens ekonomiska prioriteringar och/eller resurser. Dessa faktorer utgör olika typer av kapacitets-, kopplings- och styrningsrestriktioner i disponerandet av undervisningstid.

The presence of poor migrants from the EU countries of Romania and Bulgaria (mainly Roma subjects) who beg in Swedish cities has since 2010 caused a collective crisis in Sweden, affecting Swedish identity and institutions such as the (local and national) welfare state. Employing a psychoanalytic framework, inspired primarily by Lacan and Žižek, we describe the various dimensions of this crisis and explain the socio-psychological processes that produce the experience of crisis. We argue that the reason the 'EU migrant'/'beggar' produces these crises is because this figure is a symptom of the Real. Encounters with 'EU migrants' in the Swedish landscape become ethical encounters with the Real within three main realms: intersubjective (individual), national identity (collective), and political economy (institutional). The individual experiences an ethical crisis where no action in the meeting with a 'beggar' provides a satisfactory solution to the problem. The presence of 'EU migrants' also threatens to undermine the hegemonic Swedish self-image as a moral superpower. And the 'EU migrant's' presence interferes with the nation's desire to believe in its political and economic institutions. Finally, the attempt to satisfactorily locate responsibility for solving the problem of the 'EU migrant' reveals contradictions within capitalism, nationalism, and liberalism as they operate in the Swedish context. ; La présence de migrants pauvres de l'UE qui mendient dans les villes suédoises provoque depuis 2010 une crise collective en Suède, qui affecte l'identité et les institutions suédoises comme l'Etat providence (local et national). En utilisant un cadre psychanalytique, inspiré principalement de Lacan et Žižek, nous décrivons les différentes dimensions de cette crise et expliquons les processus socio-psychologiques qui produisent l'expérience de la crise. Nous soutenons que la raison pour laquelle le « mendiant de l'UE » produit ces crises est que cette figure est un symptôme du Réel. Les rencontres avec « les migrants de l'UE » dans le paysage suédois deviennent des rencontres éthiques avec le Réel au sein de trois domaines principaux: l'intersubjectif (individu), l'identité nationale (collectif) et la politique économique (institutionnel). L'individu fait l'expérience d'une crise éthique quand aucune action dans la rencontre avec « le mendiant » ne fournit de solution satisfaisante au problème. La présence des « migrants de l'UE » menace aussi d'ébranler l'image de soi hégémonique suédoise en tant que super puissance morale. La présence des « migrants de l'UE » dérange le désir de la nation de croire à ses institutions politiques et économiques. Enfin, la tentative de localiser correctement la responsabilité de résoudre le problème du « migrant de l'UE » révèle des contradictions au sein du capitalisme, du nationalisme et du libéralisme tels qu'ils opèrent dans le contexte suédois. ; La presencia de migrantes pobres de la UE que mendigan en ciudades suecas ha causado desde 2010 una crisis colectiva en Suecia, afectando a la identidad sueca e instituciones como el estado del bienestar (local y nacional). Empleando un marco psicoanalítico, inspirado principalmente por Lacan y Žižek, se describen las diversas dimensiones de esta crisis y se explican los procesos sociopsicológicos que producen la experiencia de la crisis. Se argumenta que la razón por la cual el 'mendigo de la UE'/'mendigo' produce estas crisis es porque esta imagen es un síntoma de lo Real. Los encuentros con los 'migrantes de la UE' en el paisaje sueco se convierten en encuentros éticos con lo Real dentro de tres ámbitos principales: intersubjetivo (individual), identidad nacional (colectiva), y economía política (institucional). El individuo experimenta una crisis ética donde ninguna acción en el encuentro con un 'mendigo' brinda una solución satisfactoria al problema. La presencia de 'migrantes de la UE' también amenaza con debilitar la autoimagen hegemónica de Suecia como una superpotencia moral. Y la presencia del 'migrante de la UE' interfiere con el deseo de la nación de creer en sus instituciones políticas y económicas. Finalmente, el intento de ubicar satisfactoriamente la responsabilidad de resolver el problema del 'migrante de la UE' revela contradicciones dentro del capitalismo, el nacionalismo y el liberalismo, ya que operan en el contexto sueco.

Across Europe, social-democratic, liberal democracies have become host to growing numbers of impoverished EU migrants (often called "Roma beggars") who seem to pose a challenge to the tenets of egalitarianism and social protection that are the foundation of the welfare state. Sweden is no exception. Nor has it been exceptional in its response: creating what can be described as a "state of exception" for homeless, impoverished EU migrants wherein they are afforded fewer rights, and almost no access to care, compared to other migrants to the country (such as refugees and asylum seekers). In this paper we examine the nature of this "state of exception" – and consequent denial of rights for poor and homeless EU migrants – and how it has been justified by invoking the inherent fairness of the Swedish system. We do so by reviewing, but especially extending, the Italian philosopher Georgio Agamben's concepts of state (and space) of exception, bare life, and homo sacer to describe the way homeless EU migrants are understood and treated in Sweden, and then by carefully examining the major policy statement on the matter, the "Valfridsson Report," which was written to harmonize practices across Swedish jurisdictions while providing the legal basis for making an exception of impoverished EU migrants, and which is now being implemented in law.

Abstract

Objectives
Assess the impact of environmental heat and a rest-shade-hydration (RSH) intervention against heat stress on productivity of piece-paid Mesoamerican sugarcane cutters. These workers are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), from the severe heat stress they experience due to heavy work under hot conditions. RSH interventions in these populations improve kidney health outcomes, but their impact on productivity has yet to be examined.


Methods
We accessed routine productivity data from seed (SC, N = 749) and burned (BCC, N = 535) sugarcane cutters observed over five harvest seasons with increasing RSH intervention at a large Nicaraguan sugarcane mill. Hourly field-site wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was recorded by mill staff and summarized as a daily mean. Mixed linear regression was used to model daily productivity, adjusting for age (18–29, 30–44, and >45 years), sex, WBGT (<28, 28–29, 29–30, 30–31, and >31 °C) on the same and preceding day, harvest season (2017–18 to 2021–22), month, and acclimatization status (<1, 1–2, and >2 weeks).


Results
There was an inverse dose–response relationship between SC productivity and WBGT on the same and preceding days, decreasing by approximately 3%/°C WBGT. Productivity increased during the study period, i.e. coinciding with RSH scale-up, by approximately 19% in SC and 9% in BCC.


Conclusion
Agricultural worker productivity was expected lower on hotter days, strengthening the interest in all stakeholders to mitigate increasing global temperatures and their impact. Despite decreasing the total time allocated for work each day, an RSH intervention appears to result in increased productivity and no apparent loss in productivity.